Which of the following statements aboutvulnerable subjects are correct?
A. Individuals whose willingness to volunteer in a clinical trial may be unduly influenced by the expectation, whether justified or not, of benefits associated with participation, or of a retaliatory response from senior members of a hierarchy in case of refusal to participate.
B. Examples are members of a group with a hierarchical structure, such as medical, pharmacy, dental, and nursing students, subordinate hospital and laboratory personnel, employees of the pharmaceutical industry, members of the armed forces, and persons kept in detention.
C. Other vulnerable subjects include patients with incurable diseases, persons in nursing homes, unemployed or impoverished persons, patients in emergency situations, ethnic minority groups, homeless persons.
D. Other vulnerable subjects include nomads, refugees, minors, and those incapable of giving consent.
查看答案
There are several reasons why medical professionals conduct research. The commonly cited reasons are:
A. To answer important questions and solve problems
B. To serve society
C. To achieve a qualification
D. To aid decision making
Bradford Hill's criteria of causation are:
A. Strength of association
B. Consistency—similar findings in different settings
C. Specificity in the causes
D. Biological plausibility
BradfordHill'scriteriaofcausationare:
A. Temporality—cause precedes an effect in time
B. Dose–response relationship
Coherence—does not conflict with the current knowledge about the association of interest
D. Analogy—a phenomenon from one area can be applied to another area
The scientific methods for research include:
A. Identify the importance and possible impact of your research, identify what has been so far demonstrated by other colleagues
B. Define a research question that is meaningful and researchable, develop a hypothesis and provide a rationale for it
C. Define specific aims which are measurable and focused, choose an appropriate research design, analyze the data, draw conclusions
D. Communicate the findings, evaluation of communication impact, transformation through changing policy and practice
微信支付 
支付宝支付