题目内容

DZ喷墨系列打印机的库存问题
DZ喷墨系列打印机于1988年上市,此后成了DZ最成功的产品之一,销量稳步上升,仅1990年就销售了60万台,约4亿美元。随着销售额的上升,库存也不断上升,导致DZ的配送中心货盘上放满了喷墨系列打印机。更糟糕的是,欧洲分公司声称:为了保证各种产品的供货让用户满意,要进一步增加库存水平。可温哥华分部负责喷墨打印机的设计和制造部门,追求“零库存”,以JIT方式进行大批量生产,生产提前期仅为1周。然后,为打印机配上不同的电源、插座和说明书,在工厂完成最终产品的包装,销往欧洲、亚太和北美。由于完成的打印机是从温哥华用船运出的,因此亚洲和欧洲配送中心的运输提前期很长,大约4到5周。为了确保用户可获得性高,欧洲和亚洲配送中心不得不维持很高水平的安全库存。由此导致欧洲配送中心面临库存和服务危机,客户希望保持尽量少的库存,但又必须保持一定水平的服务水平。配送中心的物料管理系统支持配送,不支持制造生产(部件装配成制成品),配送中心又没有MRP和BOM,配送中心也没有足够接受过部件采购培训的人员。
DZ温哥华分部物料部门的特殊项目经理M看出DZ当时主要存在的两个问题。于是在星期一和小组管理人员开会,就喷墨打印机系列产品的全球库存水平进行讨论。第一个问题是找出一种好方法,既能随时满足顾客对各种产品需求,又可尽量减少库存;第二个问题更棘手,是要在各个部门之间就正确的库存水平达成一致意见,这需要开发一个设置和实施库存目标的持续方法,并让所有部门在上面签字。
欧洲现在的情况特别急迫,会后,M的脑海中还是充满了他前天收到的传真图片,上面显示了欧洲配送中心某些产品版本的可获得性水平正在下降,但M非常确信,一箱又一箱的喷墨系列打印机在过去的几月里都运送到了欧洲。并且,在M的语音邮件中已装满了来自欧洲销售部门的令人气愤的缺货消息,可欧洲配送中心告诉温哥华它已经没有空间去储存温哥华的产品了。如何能有效地提高服务水平和降低库存呢?从温哥华空运打印机、在欧洲建厂、在欧洲配送中心保持更多的库存、改善预测这四种策略能否解决DZ喷墨打印机供应链的问题呢?M又陷入了沉思中。
案例分析要求:
分析引起DZ喷墨打印机库存问题的主要原因。

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