The European Commission says: nanotechnology is the study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at ________, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. Products based on nanotechnology are already in use and analysts expect markets to grow by hundreds of billions of euros during this decade.
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Nanotechnology aims to use _____________________ to create human-made products by arranging the molecules of various shapes and surface features into patterns in order to obtain novel and useful features. These patterns then determine important materials properties such as electrical conductivity, optical properties and mechanical strength.
Nanomaterials (nanoparticles) are materials or particles with any external dimension in the nanometer scale (from 1 nm to 100 nm) or having internal or surface structures in the ____________ scale.
Nanoparticles that are naturally occurring (e.g. volcanic ash or soot from forest fires) or are the incidental byproducts of combustion processes (e.g. welding, diesel engines) are usually physically and chemically heterogeneous, and are often termed ____________________.
Engineered nanomaterials are artificially produced, and designed with very specific properties related to their shape, size, surface, and _____________.