( ): A description of the covalent backbone of a polymer (macromolecule), including the sequence of monomeric subunits and any interchain and intrachain covalent bonds.
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( ): The local spatial arrangement of the main-chain atoms in a segment of a polymer (polypeptide or polynucleotide) chain.
( ): Partial or complete unfolding of the specific native conformation of a polypeptide chain, protein, or nucleic acid such that the function of the molecule is lost.
( ): The region of an enzyme surface that binds the substrate molecule and catalytically transforms it.
( ): Energy-yielding anaerobic breakdown of a nutrient molecule, such as glucose, without net oxidation; yields lactate, ethanol, or some other simple product.