外语类 - 在职攻硕英语

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Section B Dialogue Comprehension Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Woman: Why didn't you go to the hockey finals last weekend？ You missed a great game. Man: Oh, come on. You know how sensitive I am to loud noise. Question: What can be inferred about the man？

A. He doesn't like to go to hockey games.
B. He forgot about the hockey game.
C. He missed the hockey game because he was ill.
D. He'll go with the woman to the next hockey game.

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The passage suggests that the fact the "only one community cancer cluster had ever been traced to an environmental cause' (Para. 3)is most likely due to the

A. methodological difficulties in analyzing community cancer clusters
B. reluctance of epidemiologists to investigate environmental factors in cancer
C. lack of credibility of citizen activists in claiming to have identified cancer agents
D. effectiveness of regulations restricting the use of carcinogens in residential areas

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Community cancer dusters are viewed quite differently by citizen activists and by epidemiologists. Environmentalists and concerned local residents, for instance, might immediately suspect environmental radiation as the culprit when a high incidence of cancer cases occurs near a nuclear facility. Epidemiologists, in contrast, would be more likely to say that the incidences were "inconclusive" or the result of pure chance. And when a breast cancer survivor, Lorraine Pace, mapped 20 breast cancer cases occurring in her West Islip, Long Island, community, her rudimentary research efforts were guided more by hope—that a specific environmental agent could be correlated with the cancers—than by scientific method. When epidemiologists study clusters of cancer cases and other noncontiguous conditions such as birth defects or miscarriage, they take several variables into account, such as background rate (the number of people affected in the general population) , duster size, and specificity (any notable characteristics of the individual affected in each case). If a cluster is both large and specific, it is easier for epidemiologists to assign blame. Not only must each variable be considered on its own, but it must also be combined with others. Lung cancer is very common in the general population. Yet when a huge number of cases turned up among World War II shipbuilders who had all worked with asbestos, the size of the cluster and the fact that the men had similar occupational asbestos exposures enabled epidemiologists to assign blame to the fibrous mineral. Although several known carcinogens have been discovered through these kinds of occupational or medical clusters, only one community cancer duster has ever been traced to an environmental cause. Health officials often discount a community's suspicion of a common environmental cause because citizens tend to include cases that were diagnosed before the afflicted individuals moved into the neighborhood. Add to this is the problem of cancer's latency. Unlike an infectious disease such as cholera, which is caused by a recent exposure to food or water contaminated with the cholera bacterium, cancer may have its roots in an exposure that occurred 10 to 20 years earlier. Do all these caveats mean that the hard work of Lorraine Pace and other community activists is for nothing？ Not necessarily. Together with many other reports of breast cancer clusters on Long Island, the West Islip situation highlighted by Pace has helped epidemiologists lay the groundwork for a well-designed scientific study. The "hope" mentioned in Paragraph 1 refers specifically to Pace's desire to______.

A. help reduce the incidence of breast cancer in future generations
B. improve her chances of surviving breast cancer
C. determine the cause responsible for her own breast cancer case
D. identify a particular cause for the breast cancer cases in West Islip

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Man: I really enjoyed that TV special about spiders last night. Did you get home in time to see it？ Woman: Oh, yes. But I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing. Question: What does the woman mean？

A. She missed the beginning of the program.
B. She wishes she had gone to sleep earlier.
C. She especially enjoyed the end of the program.
D. She fell asleep before the program ended.

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Which of the following is more likely to be unhappy according to the study？

A. The one who has self-esteem and has confidence in himself.
B. The one who is ambitious regardless of his actual situation.
C. The one who can take pleasure in communicating with others.
D. The one who always helps others and also accepts help from others.

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The primary purpose of the passage is to discuss______.

A. means of assessing the extent of the world food shortage
B. difficulties of applying technological solutions to the problem of food shortages
C. cost of introducing a new good technology into a developing country
D. nature of the new technological innovations in the area of food production

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Which statement best describes "dress-down days" ？

A. On dress-down days, you can wear whatever you like.
B. People's clothes on dress-down days don't receive much attention.
C. We can't judge a person's taste by his clothes on dress-down days.
D. People are usually more careful about what they wear on dress-down days than on other occasions.

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Which of the following is true of the ethnic minority families in the U. S. according to the passage？

A. Their cultural patterns ate usually more adaptable.
B. Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend.
C. They don't interact with each other so much as White families.
D. They have closer family ties than White families.

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Man: Could you fill this prescription for me, please？ Woman: I'll take care of it right away. Question: Where did this conversation most likely take place？

At a drugstore.
B. In a supermarket.
C. At an airport.
D. At a conference room.

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When the author said "Cases are recorded of people who forgot so little" (Line 5, Para. 3) he meant that there were cases______.

A. that were forgotten by some people
B. that were recorded by forgetful people
C. in which people did not forget things as normal people did
D. in which some people were normally forgotten by others

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The passage suggests that the fact the "only one community cancer cluster had ever been traced to an environmental cause' (Para. 3)is most likely due to the

Man: I really enjoyed that TV special about spiders last night. Did you get home in time to see it？<br>Woman: Oh, yes. But I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.<br>Question: What does the woman mean？

Which of the following is more likely to be unhappy according to the study？

The primary purpose of the passage is to discuss______.

Which statement best describes "dress-down days" ？

Which of the following is true of the ethnic minority families in the U. S. according to the passage？

Man: Could you fill this prescription for me, please？<br>Woman: I'll take care of it right away.<br>Question: Where did this conversation most likely take place？

When the author said "Cases are recorded of people who forgot so little" (Line 5, Para. 3) he meant that there were cases______.