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The National Science Foundation involves itself directly in writing up material about ethical issues.
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Engineering Ethics
Engineering ethics is attracting increasing interest in engineering universities throughout the nation. At Texas A&M University, evidence of this interest in professional ethics culminated in the creation of a new course in engineering ethics, as well as a project funded by the National Science Foundation to develop material for introducing ethical issues into required undergraduate engineering courses. A small group of faculty and administrators actively supported the growing effort at Texas A&M, yet this group must now expand to meet the needs of increasing numbers of students wishing to learn more about the value implications of their actions as professional engineers.
The increasing concern for the value dimension of engineering is, at 1east in part, a result of the attention that the media has given to cases such as the Challenger disaster, the Kansas City Hyatt-Regency Hotel walkways collapse, and the Exxon oil spill. As a response to this concern, a new discipline, engineering ethics, is emerging. This discipline will doubtless take its place alongside such well-established fields as medical ethics, business ethics, and legal ethics.
The problem presented by this development is that most engineering professors are not prepared to introduce literature in engineering ethics into their classrooms. They are most comfortable with quantitative concepts and often do not believe they are qualified to lead class discussions on ethics. Many engineering faculty members do not think that they have the time in an already overcrowded syllabus to introduce discussions on professional ethics, or the time in their own schedules to prepare the necessary material. Hopefully, the resources presented herein will be of assistance.
Engineering ethics is a compulsory subject in every institute of science and technology in the United States.
What is tree of robotic drivers？
Motoring Technology
1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-- though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.
Travelling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area2of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss crucial road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.
Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology "sees through" high-sided vehicles blocking your view.
And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.
And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort,
But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.
Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.
What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate ？
Captain Cook Arrow Legend
It was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has(51)ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook(52)died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.
"There is(53)Cook in the Australian Museum," museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook's bone. But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its(54) "Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum," which(55)include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani 'opu'u in 1778.
Cook was one of Britain's great explorers and is credited with(56)the "Great South Land,"(57)Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.
The legend of Cook's arrow began in 1824(58)Hawah'an King Kamehameha on his. deathbed gave the arrow m William Adams, a London surgeon and relative of Cook's wife, saying it was made of Cook's bone after the fatal(59)with islanders.
In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued(60)it came face-to-face with science.
DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook's bone but was more(61)made of animal bone, said Philp.
However, Cook's fans(62)to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of Cook's body was(63)at sea in 1779. "On this occasion technology has won," said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captain Cook Society, in a(64)from Britain. "But I am(65)that one of these days ...one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day."
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