Animal studies have ____________ implications.
A. ethical
B. legal
C. social
D. all the above
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Professor IanDuncan fromSchool of Veterinary Medicine,University of Wisconsin - Madison,hasdefinedanimalwelfareas:"Animalwelfareistodowiththefeelingsexperiencedbyanimals:theabsenceofstrongnegativefeelings,usuallycalled_____________,and(probably)thepresenceofpositivefeelings,usuallycalledpleasure.Inanyassessmentofwelfare,itisthesefeelingsthatshouldbeassessed".
SaundersComprehensiveVeterinaryDictionaryhasdefinedanimalwelfareas:"Theavoidanceofabuseandexploitationofanimalsbyhumansbymaintainingappropriatestandardsofaccommodation,feedingandgeneralcare,thepreventionandtreatmentofdiseaseandtheassuranceof___________fromharassment,andunnecessarydiscomfortandpain".
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)hasdefinedanimalwelfareas:"An animal is in a good state of welfare if (as indicated by scientific evidence) it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behavior, and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and __________".
TerrestrialAnimalHealthCodeofWorldOrganizationforAnimalHealthhasdefinedanimalwelfareas:"Howananimaliscopingwiththeconditionsinwhichitlives.Ananimalisinagoodstateofwelfareif(asindicatedbyscientificevidence)itishealthy,comfortable,wellnourished,safe,abletoexpressinnatebehavior,andifitisnotsufferingfromunpleasantstatessuchaspain,fear,anddistress.Goodanimalwelfarerequiresdiseasepreventionandveterinarytreatment,appropriateshelter,management,nutrition,humanehandlingandhumaneslaughter/killing.Animalwelfarereferstothestateoftheanimal;thetreatmentthatananimalreceivesiscoveredbyothertermssuchasanimalcare,animalhusbandry,and________________".