S. pneumoniae can be part of the normal flora of 5–40% of people. At what anatomic site can it be found?
A. Conjunctiva
B. Nasopharynx
Colon
D. Urethra
E. Vagina
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Enterococci can be distinguished from nonenterococcal group D streptococci on the basis of which of the following characteristics?
A. γ-Hemolysis
B. Esculin hydrolysis
C. Growth in 6.5% NaCl
D. Growth in the presence of bile
E. Gram stain morphology
Which of the following cell components produced by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is responsible for attachment to host cells?
A. Lipooligosaccharide
B. Pili (fimbriae)
C. IgA1 protease
D. Outer membrane porin protein
E. Iron-binding protein
All of the following statements regarding Panton–Valentine leukocidin are correct except
A. It is a two-component toxin
B. It is commonly produced by community-associated MRSA strains
C. It is an important virulence factor
D. It is identical to one of the staphylococcal enterotoxins
E. It forms pores in the membranes of white blood cells
All of the following are important infection control strategies in containing spread of MRSA in hospitals except
Aggressive hand hygiene
B. Routine surveillance for nasal colonization among high-risk individuals
Contact isolation for patients who are colonized or infected with MRSA
D. Routine antimicrobial prophylaxis for all patients hospitalized for more than 48 hours
E. Aseptic management of skin lesions