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Directions: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet. Paragraph One A woman marrying at the end of the 19th century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. 36. During the twentieth century there was a s ______ of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. Paragraph Two Social support lessens the effect of stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often pro-vide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our companion-ship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support money aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems. 37. The way by which social support r ______ the effect of stress for us. Paragraph Three Children watch hours of murders, fights, and crimes every week, with no adult around to tell them that life is not like that most of the time. The effect of TV programs about violence is to suggest to children that violence is an ordinary way of life, and shooting and cheating are ways to succeed. 38. Television s ______ violence among the children. Paragraph Four Federal emergency officials are preparing for a U. S. outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease. The U. S.. government has added hundreds of inspectors at airports and ports in an effort to keep the disease out, but the battle is making more difficult because of booming global travel and trade. Foot-and-mouth disease affects pigs, cattle and other cloven-hoofed animals but is not generally harmful to humans. 39. P ______ against the U. S. outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease. Paragraph Five Birthdays celebrate the day we were born. Besides, that extra candle on the cake suggests another year of growth and maturity—or so we hope. 40. It seems that people often think birthday as a symbol of growth and getting m ______. Paragraph Six Although they may not die from lack of love, adults also need a great amount of affection and companionship. In modern societies, there are fewer opportunities for friendship and support from relatives outside the immediate family. Parents and children often live apart from other relatives, and seldom visit them. Also, the family moves when a parent accepts a job in another place or when it decides to live in a better neighborhood. 41. Together, loneliness and m ______ force immediate family members to depend heavily on one another for affection and companionship. Paragraph Seven In school, we have summer and winter vacations. In summer the weather is so hot that our brain needs a rest after a period of hard work. There are many kinds of sports which are good for health. However, our time should not be spent entirely in play. We should not neglect to review the lessons we have done. 42. How to s ______ the summer vacation. Paragraph Eight A Father’s Day is a day set aside for honouring fathers in church services and in the home. It’s celebrated in the U. S. in the third Sunday of June. This idea was begun by Mrs. John Bruces Dodd, who in 1909 persuaded an organization in Washington to salute fathers with special church services. The idea was officially agreed to by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge suggested national celebration of the day to form closer relations between fathers and their children, and to impress upon fathers the full measure of their duties. The red or white rose is recognized as the official Father’s Day flower. 43. The o ______ of Father’s Day. Paragraph Nine One method is by creating laws. Although this method has worked, laws alone in poor places, where people damage the environment out of necessity, are not enough. Or perhaps imposing a fine is a better way to stop the man-made destruction. In addition, new environ-mentally constructive means must be found through scientific and technical work. 44. How to p ______ the natural environment by lawful means. Paragraph Ten Sports experts agree that the single most important factor in creating a champion is genetic make-up: the possession of genes that impart an innate ability to stride, leap, burn energy efficiently or suck lots of oxygen from the air. On top of this, however, training and technique are vital. They allow athletes to sculpt muscles. 45. What do you need in order to be an a ______
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Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.This strategy has been highlighted by several tobacco journals which have carried articles on "targeting the female smokers" and suggesting that retailers should "look to the la-dies". Among the 20 US magazines that received the most cigarette advertising revenue in 1985, eight were women’s magazines. In the same year, a study on the cigarette advertising policies of 53 British women’s magazines (read by more than half of all British women) showed that 64 per cent of the magazines accepted cigarette advertising, which represented an average of seven per cent of total advertising revenue. Research in industrialized countries has shown the subtle method used to encourage girls to smoke. The impact of such method is likely to be even greater in developing countries, where young people are generally less knowledgeable about smoking hazards and may be more attracted by glamorous, affluent, desirable images of the female smoker. This is why WHO, together with other national and international health agencies, has repeatedly called for national legislation banning all forms of tobacco promotion, and for an appropriate "high price" policy which would slow down the "enthusiasm" of young women for tobacco consumption. Young girls and women have a right to be informed about the damage that smoking can do to their health. They also need to acquire skills to resist pressure to start smoking or to give it up. Several countries have developed integrated school and preschool health education programs which have successfully reduced girls’ smoking rates~ but this education should not be restricted to what happens in school. There are many other examples of effective cessation programs in the workplace and primary health centers. Unfortunately, many women do not have the opportunity to be involved in such programs, and programs have generally been less successful with women than men. Smoking amongst women has already reached epidemic proportions and will continue to escalate unless action is taken now. Delays can only cause further suffering and deaths of women; this is why WHO’s new program on tobacco or health is giving high priority to action to protect women and children. danger (Para. 2)
A film was at the Circle Five Ranch to film a Marlboro advertisement. This was in 1868, before they prohibited cigarette ads from American television. Darrle Winfield was watching the crew set up the equipment. The scene included an actor crossing a river on horseback, but when the time came to shoot, the man was too drunk to ride. Someone from the crews saw Winfield and asked him if he would ride the horse for $50. "Well," said Win-field, "for 50 bucks, I’ll jump that damn horse over the moon!" To people in many countries, Winfield is just a familiar but nameless face, a simple cow-boy with an advertising message about a connection between the West and a brand of cigarettes. Few people know that he is 55, a family man who’s been married to the same woman for 37 years and has 5 children and 7 grandchildren. Most surprisingly, he’s a real working cowboy who raises horses in his ranch in Wyoming. One of the more striking things about the Marlboro Man is that the success hasn’t changed him much. He says that complete strangers sometimes come up to him and say, "I’ve met you. I know you from somewhere." Whenever it happens, he says that he gets embarrassed. Which of the following statements is true ______
Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.This strategy has been highlighted by several tobacco journals which have carried articles on "targeting the female smokers" and suggesting that retailers should "look to the la-dies". Among the 20 US magazines that received the most cigarette advertising revenue in 1985, eight were women’s magazines. In the same year, a study on the cigarette advertising policies of 53 British women’s magazines (read by more than half of all British women) showed that 64 per cent of the magazines accepted cigarette advertising, which represented an average of seven per cent of total advertising revenue. Research in industrialized countries has shown the subtle method used to encourage girls to smoke. The impact of such method is likely to be even greater in developing countries, where young people are generally less knowledgeable about smoking hazards and may be more attracted by glamorous, affluent, desirable images of the female smoker. This is why WHO, together with other national and international health agencies, has repeatedly called for national legislation banning all forms of tobacco promotion, and for an appropriate "high price" policy which would slow down the "enthusiasm" of young women for tobacco consumption. Young girls and women have a right to be informed about the damage that smoking can do to their health. They also need to acquire skills to resist pressure to start smoking or to give it up. Several countries have developed integrated school and preschool health education programs which have successfully reduced girls’ smoking rates~ but this education should not be restricted to what happens in school. There are many other examples of effective cessation programs in the workplace and primary health centers. Unfortunately, many women do not have the opportunity to be involved in such programs, and programs have generally been less successful with women than men. Smoking amongst women has already reached epidemic proportions and will continue to escalate unless action is taken now. Delays can only cause further suffering and deaths of women; this is why WHO’s new program on tobacco or health is giving high priority to action to protect women and children. tradesman who sells goods to the general public (Para. 1)
Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.This strategy has been highlighted by several tobacco journals which have carried articles on "targeting the female smokers" and suggesting that retailers should "look to the la-dies". Among the 20 US magazines that received the most cigarette advertising revenue in 1985, eight were women’s magazines. In the same year, a study on the cigarette advertising policies of 53 British women’s magazines (read by more than half of all British women) showed that 64 per cent of the magazines accepted cigarette advertising, which represented an average of seven per cent of total advertising revenue. Research in industrialized countries has shown the subtle method used to encourage girls to smoke. The impact of such method is likely to be even greater in developing countries, where young people are generally less knowledgeable about smoking hazards and may be more attracted by glamorous, affluent, desirable images of the female smoker. This is why WHO, together with other national and international health agencies, has repeatedly called for national legislation banning all forms of tobacco promotion, and for an appropriate "high price" policy which would slow down the "enthusiasm" of young women for tobacco consumption. Young girls and women have a right to be informed about the damage that smoking can do to their health. They also need to acquire skills to resist pressure to start smoking or to give it up. Several countries have developed integrated school and preschool health education programs which have successfully reduced girls’ smoking rates~ but this education should not be restricted to what happens in school. There are many other examples of effective cessation programs in the workplace and primary health centers. Unfortunately, many women do not have the opportunity to be involved in such programs, and programs have generally been less successful with women than men. Smoking amongst women has already reached epidemic proportions and will continue to escalate unless action is taken now. Delays can only cause further suffering and deaths of women; this is why WHO’s new program on tobacco or health is giving high priority to action to protect women and children. making parts into a whole (Para. 3)
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