A basic idea of ________ was to conduct time-motion studies to find the best way to perform each task, then teach people to use these methods.
A. management by design
B. Theory Z management
C. scientific management
D. expectancy theory
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Alyssa's supervisor was so impressed by her work that he named her the employee of the month. This praise from her supervisor is an example of a(n) ________ reward.
A. extrinsic
B. intrinsic
C. secondary
D. extraneous
Which of the following statements would Elton Mayo have most likely made soon after concluding his Hawthorne studies?
A. Employees at Superior Technologies are not lazy, but they normally lack direction and respond best to an autocratic style of management.
B. The key to increasing productivity at Superior Technologies is to provide employees with the best possible physical working conditions.
C. When Superior Technologies' employees are put into an isolated group, their natural tendency is to compete against each other and establish a "pecking order."
D. At Superior Technologies, employees who enjoy their work environment and believe they are respected are likely to be more productive employees.
While Maslow's research categorized a person's needs in terms of higher-order and lower-order needs, Herzberg's research recognized that
A. employees aspire to satisfy lower-order needs at work and higher-order needs through other life activities.
B. certain work-related factors satisfied higher-order needs, while other work-related factors satisfied lower-order needs.
C. the physical environment and general working conditions were of no consequence to employees. These factors did not affect higher- or lower-order needs.
D. hygiene factors satisfied higher-order needs and motivating factors satisfied lower-order needs.
Kevin, a recent graduate with a degree in construction management, just landed his first job as a field engineer with a company that provides maintenance and repair for oil and chemical companies. During his first week on the job, his enthusiasm grew after talking to other employees. Although he would be traveling to many job sites during the first five years, many of his new colleagues remarked on the opportunities for growth and promotion and added responsibilities if he persevered with this company. If Herzberg were ranking the job factors that provide satisfaction for this young graduate, he would refer to these as
A. hygiene factors.
B. needs factors.
C. motivators.
D. Theory X factors.
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