In Hawthorne's novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appears as _________.
A. commentators
B. observers
C. villains
D. saviors
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The finest example of Hawthorne's symbolism is __________.
A. The Scarlet Letter
B. Young Goodman Brown
C. The Marble Faun
D. The Ambitious Guest
As a philosophical and literary movement, _________ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War.
A. modernism
B. rationalism
C. sentimentalism
D. transcendentalism
Which of the following writers is NOT optimistic about the human nature?
A. Ralph Waldo Emerson
B. Nathaniel Hawthorne
C. Walt Whitman
D. Henry David Thoreau
Walt Whitman was a founding figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in his use of _________, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.
A. blank verse
B. heroic couplet
C. free verse
D. iambic pentameter