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将下列段落翻译成汉语：There are many things we should do when taking off on short and narrow runways. First, we should make good preflight preparation to get the weather conditions about the airport and the performance of the aircraft. Second, we should follow standard operation procedures, especially in case of strong wind, low visibility and runway contamination. Third, we should use full length runway for departure and keep the directional control of the aircraft.

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将下列段落翻译成汉语：There are many things we should do when landing on short and narrow runways. First, we should follow the checklist to determine the required landing distance. If there is contamination on the runway or mechanical problems such as flaps jammed and the landing distance can’t meet the requirement, we should divert or return to land. Second, we should make the approach briefing and confirm the task-sharing. Third, we should use precision approach such as ILS approach and land into the wind. Fourth, we should avoid overshooting.

Compared with sea level airports, there are some differences of flying high elevation airports because Air density and aircraft engine power decreases with altitude and temperature but the approach speed increases with altitude. For example, the air density is thinner, the aircraft engine performance will be significantly reduced. On the one hand, a longer takeoff distance is needed to accelerate to Vr. On the other hand, a longer landing distance is needed to stop the aircraft.

将下列段落翻译成汉语：Bird activities are dangerous to flight safety. During takeoff or landing, the aircraft at lower levels are most likely to encounter bird ingestion or bird strike.First, bird ingestion and bird strike may cause engine problems such as engine failure, engine flameout and engine vibration. Second,bird strike may cause structural damage to the aircraft such as nose, windshields and engines.

翻译：请将下列段落翻译成汉语。A belly landing or gear-up landing is when an aircraft lands without its landing gear fully extended and uses its underside, or belly, as its primary landing device. Normally the term gear-up landing refers to incidents in which the pilot forgets to extend the landing gear, while belly landing refers to incidents where a mechanical malfunction prevents the pilot from extending the landing gear.