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Banked ClozeDirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given inaword bank. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please fill in the blankswith thecorrespondingletters. You may not use any of the wordsin the bankmore thanonce.Most animals seek shade when temperatures in the Sahara Desert soar to 120 degrees Fahrenheit. But for the Saharan silver ant,1)______from their underground nests into the sun's brutal rays to2)______for food, this is the perfect time to seek lunch. In 2015 these ants were joined in the desert by scientists from two Belgian universities, who spent a month in the3)______heat tracking the ants and digging out their nests. The goal was simple, to discover how the 4)______adapted to the kind of heat that can5)______melt the bottom of shoes.Back in Belgium, the scientists looked at the ants under an electronic microscope and found that their6)______, triangular hair reflects light like a prism(棱镜), giving them a metallic reflection and protecting them from the sun's awful heat. When Ph. D. student Quentin Willot7)______the hair from an ant with a8)______knife and put it under a heat lamp, its temperature jumped.The ants' method of staying cool is9)______among animals. Could this reflective type of hair protect people? Willot says companies are interested in10)______these ants' method of heat protection for human use, including everything from helping to protect the lives of firefighters to keeping homes cool in summer.

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Banked ClozeDirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given inaword bank. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please fill in the blankswith thecorrespondingletters. You may not use any of the wordsin the bankmore thanonce.Social isolation poses more health risks than obesity or smoking 15 cigarettes a day, according to research published by Brigham Young University. The1)______is that loneliness is a huge, if silent, risk factor.Loneliness affects physical health in two ways. First, it produces stress hormones that can lead to many health problems. Second, people who live alone are less likely to go to the doctor2)______, to exercise or to eat a healthy diet.Public health experts in many countries are3)______how to address widespread loneliness in our society. Last year Britain even appointed a minister for loneliness. "Loneliness 4)______almost every one of us at some point," its minister for loneliness Baroness Barran said. "It can lead to very serious health5)______for individuals who become isolated and disconnected. "Barran started a "Let's Talk Loneliness" campaign that6)______difficult conversations across Britain. He is now supporting "7)______benches," which are public seating areas where people are encouraged to go and chat with one another. The minister is also8)______to stop public transportation from being cut in ways that leave people isolated.More than one-fifth of adults in both the United States and Britain said in a 20189)______that they often or always feel lonely. More than half of American adults are unmarried, and researchers have found that even among those who are married, 30% of relationships are10)______strained. A quarter of Americans now live alone,and as the song says,one is the loneliest number.

Banked ClozeDirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given inaword bank. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please fill in the blankswith thecorrespondingletters. You may not use any of the wordsin the bankmore thanonce.Trust is fundamental to life. If you can't trust anything, life becomes intolerable. You can't have relationships without trust, let alone good ones.In the workplace, too, trust is1)______.An organization without trust will be full of fear and2)______.If you work for a boss who doesn't trust their employees to do things right, you'll have a3)______time. They'll be checking up on you all the time, correcting "mistakes" and4)______reminding you to do this or that. Colleagues who don't trust one another will need to spend more time5)______their backs than doing any useful work.Organizations are always trying to cut costs. Think of all the additional tasks caused by lack of trust. Audit (审计) departments only exist because of it. Companies keep large volumes of6)______because they don't trust their suppliers, their contractors or their customers. Probably more than half of all administrative work is only there because of an ever-existing sense that "you can't trust anyone these days." If even a small part of such valueless work could be7)______, the savings would run into millions of dollars.All this is extra work we8)______onto ourselves because we don't trust people—the checking, following through, doing things ourselves because we don't believe others will do them9)______—or at all. If we took all that away, how much extra time would we suddenly find in our life? How much of our work10)______would disappear?

Banked ClozeDirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given inaword bank. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please fill in the blankswith thecorrespondingletters. You may not use any of the wordsin the bankmore thanonce.When my son completes a task, I can't help but praise him. It's only natural to give praise where praise is due, right? But is there such a thing as too much praise?According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don't benefit from1)______praise as much as we'd like to think. "Parents often praise, believing they are building their child's self-confidence. However, over-praising can have a2)______effect," says Phillip. "When we use the same praise3)______, it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be4)______with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of5)______their parents."Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no. "The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the6)______. It is the recognition of a child's attempt, or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential," she says. "Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow."So how do we break the7)______of praise we're all so accustomed to? Phillip says it's important to8)______between "person praise" and "process praise". "Person praise is9)______saying how great someone is. It's a form of personal approval. Process praise is acknowledgement of the efforts the person has just10)______. Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing," says Phillip.

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E. 头孢曲松

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