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In ______, Paul Berg (1926-) at Stanford University created the first recombinant DNA molecule from different organisms. In conjunction with his studies of the tumor virus SV40, Berg succeeded in inserting DNA from a bacterium into the virus’ DNA. In 1980, Berg received a Nobel Prize in chemistry for this work.

A. 1960
B. 1964
C. 1968
D. 1972

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In ______, the first genetically engineered plant was developed by Michael W. Bevan, Richard B. Flavell, and Mary-Dell Chilton.

A. 1975
B. 1978
C. 1981
D. 1983

In ______, scientists at the J. Craig Venter Institute in California, announced that they had created the first synthetic bacterial genome. They named it Synthia and it was the world's first synthetic life form.

A. 2005
B. 2008
C. 2010
D. 2013

The majority of research involving genetically modified mammals involves __________ with attempts to produce knockout animals in other mammalian species limited by the inability to derive and stably culture embryonic stem cells.

A. rats
B. mice
C. fish
D. rabbits

The majority of genetically modified animals are used in research to investigate changes in _____________ when specific genes are altered. This can be used to discover the function of an unknown gene, any genetic interactions that occur or where the gene is expressed.

A. genotype
B. phenotype
C. function
D. body size

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