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What is Chief Kufa's attitude towards the work of the women farmers？
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Civilization and History
Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at ail. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries arid ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them bow to do it most efficiently--this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done--is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some Way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.
That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets--while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life--nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.
But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form. of jellyfish and that kind of creature for a- bout twelve hundred million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the out side. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking man's civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to .say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else. (668)
The author says that civilized people should ______.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文：Host: Welcome to today's show, "The women of my village." In this program the respected Village Headman, Chief Kufa, will be with us. Here is Chief Kufa now.
Chief Kufa: Greetings to you all. I Want to start today's program by telling you something that has been bothering me I feel that here in my village we do not value and appreciate the work of women farmers. In fact their work is often ignored.
Host: Who are the women of your village？
Chief Kufa: The women of my village are farmers. They grow most of our food. They grow nutritious garden vegetables. They take it upon themselves to sell extra produce at the market so they can buy clothes and books for our children. In my village it is the women who take care of the livestock--they cut feed for animals and take cattle to graze. They make medicines from wild plants. They have special ways to store seeds. They preserve fish, meat, vegetables and fruits by smoking or drying them, Need I say more？ I'm sure you understand that they are very hardworking. Many times I have thought about how to calculate the value of women's work. It is difficult to measure, but if we could measure their work in local money-- well, it would be a lot of money.
Host: Dear listeners, do you agree with Chief Kufa？ The Chief is proud of the women. Can you understand why？
Chief Kufa: Welcome back. I've invited two women farmers from my village to talk with us today. I've asked them here because they both operate successful farms. You will be interested to know the reasons for their success. It is my pleasure to introduce Mrs. Mirla and Mrs. Kamanga. A respectful good-day to you both.
Mrs: Mirla and Mrs. Kamanga: Good-day Chief Kufa.
Chief Kufa: Let's start our discussion right away. Mrs. Kamanga, may I start with you？ In our village you are known as a farmer who gets very high yields of grain. Is it possible for you to explain your high yields of maize and sorghum？
Kamanga: I have a secret to tell you. I don't really grow more grain than the other farmers. But I store the grain very carefully so the insects don't get it! Let me tell you how I do it. First, tike many other farmers, I store my grain. Then, I mix the grain with different things to protect it from pests. I am always trying new methods. I have tried wood ash, powder from soap nuts, nochi leaves, neem leaves and eucalyptus leaves. When one of these methods works--I use it. So, Chief Kufa, I always have a lot of grain to sell and the reason, as I have said, is that there is not much insect damage in my stores.
Host: Women are experts at food storage. They have special ways of storing grains and other foods. They experiment with different ways of storing foods just like researchers at the university. They do their research in their homes, and their fields and gardens.
Chief Kufa: Hello again to our listeners. We're back with Mrs. Mirla and Mrs. Kamanga discussing their successful farm businesses. Mrs. Mirla, I remember that you used to have a job with the government. But lately I see you working in the field every day. Why did you come back to farming？
Mirla: Chief Kufa, I lost my job with the government five years ago because the office moved to another part of the country. My husband was also unemployed. He has had very had luck finding work. I had to find a new job. I already had a large garden. I decided to make the garden bigger. Now I grow many local varieties of sweet potatoes and beans and sell them in the village market. People enjoy the taste and they always buy my vegetables.
Chief Kufa: Mrs. Mirla, now I know you grow a lot of vegetables and I am sure that yo
According to this news, what has happened to the two American hostages captured at the same time？
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