A 70-year-old man enters the hospital emergency department and has been experiencing severe diarrhea（腹泻）. He has pallor, tachycardia, and an arterial pressure of 80/50, and has trouble walking. Which
A. Infusion of a balanced electrolyte solution
Blood infusion
C. Administration of an antihistamine（抗组胺药）
D. Infusion of a sympathomimetic drug （拟交感神经药）
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Which of the following conditions will result in a flaccid heart（）
A. Excess potassium ions in the blood
B. Excess calcium ions in the blood
C. Excess sodium ions in the blood
D. Increased sympathetic stimulation
Which factor does NOT influence the venous return（）
A. Elasticity of the Windkessel vessel
B. Cardiac contractility
C. Position of the body
D. Action of “muscular pump”
A healthy 28-year-old woman stands up from a supine position. Moving from a supine to a standing position results in a transient decrease in arterial pressure that is detected by arterial baroreceptor
A. Mean circulatory filling pressure↑, Strength of cardiac contraction↑, Sympathetic nerve activity↑
B. Mean circulatory filling pressure↓, Strength of cardiac contraction↑, Sympathetic nerve activity↑
C. Mean circulatory filling pressure↓, Strength of cardiac contraction↓, Sympathetic nerve activity↑
D. Mean circulatory filling pressure↓, Strength of cardiac contraction↓, Sympathetic nerve activity↓
An increase in which of the following tends to increase capillary filtration rate（）
A. Capillary wall hydraulic conductivity
B. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
C. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Plasma sodium concentration
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