( ) of the following states belong to operant conditioning principles.
A. any response that is followed by a reinforcing stimulus tends to repeated.
B. This process is sometimes called contingent reinforcement(结果强化), because getting the reinforcer is contingent (dependent) on the organism’s emitting a certain response.
C. a reinforcing stimulus is anything that increases the probability of a response’s recurring.
D. whether something is reinforcing can only be ascertained by its effect on behavior.
E. operant conditioning is also called instrumental conditioning.
查看答案
The basic idea of Waston is learning is actually a collection of conditioned reflexes. That means ( ).
A. Psychology, as a science, should study the observable explicit behavior.
B. the rules gained from classical conditioning experiments can be applied to explain not only animals’ behaviors but human’s.
C. the basic element of all of human’s behaviors is response, and all behaviors are combination of responses.
D. Once the relationship between stimulus and individual is grasped, we can control the stimulus to trigger a wanted response or extinct an unwanted one.
E. Cognitive structure is the reference frame for reasoning.
The basic ideas of Thorndike’s learning theory includes( ).
A. Learning is insight.
B. Learning is to form a certain bonds in nature
C. Leaning should not include the internal mental process.
D. the bonds is established through “trail and error”.
E. the learning of animal is unconscious, while that of human is conscious.
The learning laws of Thorndike includes ( ).
A. law of effect
B. law of exercise
C. law of readiness
D. law of contiguity (接近律)
E. law of reinforcement
The basic ideas of connectionism theory of learning are .
A. all learning were the processes to establish the direct connection between stimulus (S) and response (R) through conditioning;
B. Learning was to acquire expectancy through insight and comprehension, rather than to acquire habits through practices and reinforcement;
C. Reinforcement played an important role in S-R connection establishment, during which individual learned the habit, which was the result of repeated practice and reinforcement;
D. Once the habit formed, when the original or similar stimulus situation emerged, the learned habitual response would appear automatically.
E. The present learning of organism depended on the cognitive structure in its long-term memory and the present stimulus situation.
微信支付 
支付宝支付