超星 - 2.2.6 联结主义学习理论

单选题

The “Law of Readiness”of Thordike coincides with ( )of modern Learning Psychology.

A. motivation principle;
B. reinforcement theory;
C. Developmental principle;
D. the concept of maturity.

单选题

Why did Thorndike regard”law of exercise” as “law of effect” during his latter academic career? ( )

A. Because exercises were the chances for effects;
Because there were no learning promotions after only practices without satisfatory results;
C. Because more practices, more tiredness;
D. Because false habits were constructed through practices without correct instructions.

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单选题

The correct standard to discriminate operant conditioning from classical conditioning is ( ).

A. if the conditioning response is reinforced directly;
B. if the new S-R connection has formed;
C. if the reinforcement emerges before the new response or not;
D. if response is voluntary or not;

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单选题

Skinner believed that education was behavior shaping and ( ) was the key in it.

A. trial and error
B. insight
C. reinforcement
D. imitation

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多选题

The schedules of reinforcement includes( ).

A. fixed interval reinforcement schedule (FI)
B. fixed ratio reinforcement schedule (FR)
C. variable interval reinforcement schedule (VI)
D. variable ratio reinforcement schedule (VR)
E. continuous reinforcement.

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多选题

( ) of the following states belong to operant conditioning principles.

A. any response that is followed by a reinforcing stimulus tends to repeated.
B. This process is sometimes called contingent reinforcement(结果强化), because getting the reinforcer is contingent (dependent) on the organism’s emitting a certain response.
C. a reinforcing stimulus is anything that increases the probability of a response’s recurring.
D. whether something is reinforcing can only be ascertained by its effect on behavior.
E. operant conditioning is also called instrumental conditioning.

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多选题

The basic idea of Waston is learning is actually a collection of conditioned reflexes. That means ( ).

A. Psychology, as a science, should study the observable explicit behavior.
B. the rules gained from classical conditioning experiments can be applied to explain not only animals’ behaviors but human’s.
C. the basic element of all of human’s behaviors is response, and all behaviors are combination of responses.
D. Once the relationship between stimulus and individual is grasped, we can control the stimulus to trigger a wanted response or extinct an unwanted one.
E. Cognitive structure is the reference frame for reasoning.

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多选题

The basic ideas of Thorndike’s learning theory includes( ).

A. Learning is insight.
B. Learning is to form a certain bonds in nature
C. Leaning should not include the internal mental process.
D. the bonds is established through “trail and error”.
E. the learning of animal is unconscious, while that of human is conscious.

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多选题

The learning laws of Thorndike includes ( ).

A. law of effect
B. law of exercise
C. law of readiness
D. law of contiguity (接近律)
E. law of reinforcement

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多选题

The basic ideas of connectionism theory of learning are .

A. all learning were the processes to establish the direct connection between stimulus (S) and response (R) through conditioning;
B. Learning was to acquire expectancy through insight and comprehension, rather than to acquire habits through practices and reinforcement;
C. Reinforcement played an important role in S-R connection establishment, during which individual learned the habit, which was the result of repeated practice and reinforcement;
D. Once the habit formed, when the original or similar stimulus situation emerged, the learned habitual response would appear automatically.
E. The present learning of organism depended on the cognitive structure in its long-term memory and the present stimulus situation.

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