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A) with B) to C) from D) by
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Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.
46) Economic growth involves increases over time in the volume of a country's per capita gross national product (GNP) of goads and services. Such continuing increases can raise average living standards substantially and provide a stronger base for other policy objectives. 47) It is only in the last two centuries that continued growth in living standards has been realized for a number of now—developed countries, and this process has broadened in the 20th century to include a number of developing countries. 48) However, the fairly steady expansion in the third quarter of the 20th century gave way to a period of slower and more erratic growth for both- high-and low-income countries, while some of the economically poorest countries were thus far unable to establish a serf-sustaining pattern of development. It also became increasingly evident that there were serious environmental problems associated with some types of growth in production. In examining the record of economic growth and development, economists offer some explanations for the changes involved, and the attempts by governments to plan these changes. Five major issues are involved.
The first is why economic growth occurs more quickly in some countries and periods than in others. It is the increase in the size and quality of the factors of production that underlies growth, but certain forces deserve special attention. A variety of models of economic growth give expression to the understanding of these forces. Increasing attention has been paid in these models and in policy to the international aspects of growth. This trend is partly a reflection of the growing internationalization of economic activity. It also reflects a number of potentially destabilizing changes in the international economy that became evident during the 1970s.
49) A second issue is the challenges facing the low-income countries, namely, to move from subsistence levels of per capita income to a level that would generate self-sustaining growth and also to reduce the gap between themselves and the higher-income countries. A third issue, productivity, is central to changes in living standards and to-the analysis of international competitiveness.
A fourth major issue is the attempt to maintain growth and increase development through economic planning. 50)Planning became a widespread phenomenon during and just after World War Ⅱ and was given further emphasis in many newly independent countries that were industrializing. Beginning in the 1970s the emphasis shifted to more decentralized planning, with deregulation and privatization of industry as two aspects of this process.
Underlying economic growth and planning is a fifth issue, the attempt to predict economic activity. Modern forecasting involves a variety of computer-based techniques at the level of the firm, the country, and the international economy. The accuracy of forecasting has been reduced by increased uncertainty in the global and national economies since the early 1970s.
46.__________________________
Part B
Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.
From the seventeenth century Empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea. For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbor until her discovery in 1956. 41) ________________.
42) ________________.Triple gun decks mounted sixty four bronze cannon. She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Swden.
As she was prepared for her maiden voyage on August 10, 1628, Stockholm was in ferment. From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty began to spread her sails and catches the wind. They had la bored for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship. The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors, mermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with red and gold and blue, symbols of courage, power, and cruelty, were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day.
43) ________________.
44) ________________.
As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port. The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list, but the steepening angle of the decks increased. Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship. 45) ________________. In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Bal tic, sank with all flags flying—in the harbor of her birth.
[A] All gun ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them.
[B] Vasa sailed majestically out of the bay.
[C] This was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet.
[D] King Gustavus Adolphus, 'The Northern Hurricane', then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament.
[E] The lower gun ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate.
[F] As soon as her discovery, the world became shocker.
[G] Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. As she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, her flags flying, pennants waving, sails filling in the breeze, and the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with color, she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockbolmers had ever seen before.
41.________________
Text 3
When the first white men arrived in Samoa, they found blind men, who could see well enough to describe things in detail just by holding their hands over objects. In France, Jules Roman tested hundreds of blind people and found a few who could tell the difference between light and dark. He narrowed their photosensitivity(感光灵敏度) down to areas on the nose or in the finger tips. In 1960 a medical board examined a girl in Virginia and found that, even with thick bandages over her eyes, she was able to distinguish different colours and read short sections of large print.
Rosa Kuleshova, a young woman in the Urals, can see with her fingers. She is not blind, but because she grew up in a family of blind people, she learned to read Braille to help them and then went on to teach herself to do other things with her hands. She was examined by the Soviet Academy of Science, and proved to be genuine, Shaefer made an intensive study with her and found that, securely blindfolded with only her arms stuck through a screen, she could tell the difference between three primary colours. To test the possibility that the cards reflected heat differently, he heated some and cooled others without affecting her response to them. He also found that she could read newsprint under glass, so texture was giving her no clues. She was able to identify the colour and shape of patches of light projected on to her palm or on to a screen. In rigidly controlled tests, with a blindfold and a screen and a piece of card around her neck so wide that she could not see round it, Rosa read the small print in a newspaper with her elbow. And, in the most convincing demonstration of all, she repeated these things with someone standing behind her pressing hard on her eyeballs. Nobody can cheat under this pressure.
31. The first white men to visit Samoa found people who ______.
Text 4
The U.S. government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help discover the answer to these two questions:
1. Can we predict earthquakes？
2. Can we control earthquakes？
To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault systems in the country, such as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of the earth's surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur.
Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes accurately and the control of earthquakes is even farther away.
Nevertheless, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was pat into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other. When the water" oiled" the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was released.
Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, destructive earthquakes, that is, scientists Could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.
36. Earthquake belts are ______.
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