题目内容

要“言必信，行必果”、“人而无信，不知其可也”。孟子说：“诚者，天之道也;思诚者，人之道也。”在现实生活中，诚信是我们每一个人做人的底线，也是我们每一个人在与他人进行交往，处理个人与社会、个人与个人之间相互关系时应该遵循的行为准则。2001年10月，中共中央发布了《公民道德实施纲要》，提出“爱国守法，明礼诚信，团结友善，勤俭自强，敬业奉献”的基本道德规范。
但是，随着改革开放的逐步深入和社会主义市场经济的进一步发展，各行各业不同程度地出现了诚信缺失现象，人们发现诚信在消退，“拜金”在滋长。“在社会主义市场经济条件下，讲诚信只会吃亏”的观点日益被越来越多的人奉为信条。“利益”取代了美德，诚信让位于欺诈，这种现象已波及了中学校园。近些年来，有关学生考试作弊，抄袭作业，欺骗老师、家长、同学之事随处可见，甚至开家长会雇个人冒充家长开会。
请回答：
(1)“在社会主义市场经济条件下，讲诚信只会吃亏”的观点是否正确？为什么？
(2)结合材料说明公民道德建设为什么要以诚实守信为重点？
(3)结合材料简述大学生自觉加强诚信道德建设的必要性。

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SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points)
The theory of evolution by natural selection was put forward in the 1850s independently by two men. One was Charles Darwin; the other was Alfred Russel Wallace. Both men had some scientific background, of course, but at heart both men were naturalists. Darwin had been a medical student at Edinburgh University for two years, before his father who was a wealthy doctor proposed that he might become a clergyman and sent him to Cambridge. Wallace, whose parents were poor and who had left school at 14, had followed courses at Working Men's Institutes in London and Leicester as a surveyor's apprentice and pupil teacher.
The fact is that there are two traditions of explanation that march side by side in the ascent of man. One is the analysis of the physical structure of the world. The other is the study of the processes of life: their delicacy, their diversity, the wavering cycles from life to death in the individual and in the species. And these traditions do not come together until the theory of evolution; because until then there is a paradox which cannot be resolved, which cannot be begun, about life.
The paradox of the life sciences, which makes them different in kind from physical science, is in the detail of nature everywhere. We see it about us in the birds, the trees, the grass, the snails, in every living thing. It is this, the manifestations of life, its expressions, its forms, are so diverse that they must contain a large element of the accidental. And yet the nature of life is so uniform. that it must be constrained by many necessities.
So it is not surprising that biology as we understand it begins with naturalists in the 18th and 19th centuries: observers of the countryside, bird-watchers, clergymen, doctors, gentlemen of leisure in country houses. I am tempted to call them, simply, "gentlemen in Victorian England ", because it cannot be an accident that the theory of evolution is conceived twice by two men living at the same time in the same culture—the culture of Queen Victoria in England.

民道德宣传日”。
党的十一届三中全会特别是十四大以来，随着改革开放和现代化建设事业的深入发展，社会主义精神文明建设呈现出积极健康向上的良好态势，公民道德建设迈出了新的步伐。爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想日益深入人心，为人民服务精神不断发扬光大，崇尚先进、学习先进蔚然成风，追求科学、文明、健康生活方式已成为人民群众的自觉行动，社会道德风尚发生了可喜变化，中华民族的传统美德与体现时代要求的新的道德观念相融合，成为我国公民道德建设发展的主流。
但是，我国公民道德建设方面仍然存在着不少问题。社会的一些领域和一些地方道德失范，是非、善恶、美丑界限混淆，拜金主义、享乐主义、极端个人主义有所滋长，见利忘义、损公肥私行为时有发生，不讲信用、欺骗欺诈成为社会公害，以权谋私、腐化堕落现象严重存在。这些问题如果得不到及时有效解决，必然损害正常的经济和社会秩序，损害改革发展稳定的大局，应当引起全党全社会高度重视。
请回答：
(1)结合道德的社会作用说明，为什么必须加强公民道德建设？
(2)有人认为“继承和弘扬中华民族优良道德传统与加强社会主义道德建设没有关系”，请评价这一观点。
(3)社会主义道德建设的核心和原则是什么？
(4)简述树立社会主义荣辱观与加强公民道德建设的关系。

设有下面的二叉树：
对此二叉树进行中序遍历的结果是()。

没有市场经济所要求的职业操守，就不会有市场经济的效率和由此带来的经济发展。马克斯·韦伯在《新教伦理与资本主义精神》一书中对二者的关系作过研究，认为个人必须履行他的工作或他所处地位赋予他的责任和义务，这是他的天职。
如果说职业规定着人们的社会角色，那么，职业道德则是这种角色所必须遵循的道德底线。市场经济条件下的职业道德，则是在市场经济的架构中，社会依据不同个人、单位所处地位和职业赋予个人、单位的责任和义务。例如，市场经济下的企业理所当然地应当追求盈利，但同样理所当然地不能置人民群众的生命安全于不顾而生产假冒伪劣产品，不能不讲诚信。医生的职责是治病救人，应当遵守职业规范，不能为了挣钱而让患者重复检查，开大处方。政府部门的职责是监管和服务，应当严格执法、尽职尽责，不能明知有问题而不作为。诸如此类，都是基本的职业操守，是不能突破的道德底线。
请回答：
(1)什么是职业道德？其基本要求有哪些？
(2)当代大学生应该如何树立正确的择业观和创业观？