Which of the following best describes the relation of the third paragraph to the second?
A. The third paragraph offers proof of an assertion made in the second paragraph.
B. In the “philosophical debate” as mentioned in the second paragraph, a definition of patriotism is provided in the third paragraph.
C. The third paragraph examines the scope of the argument presented in the second paragraph.
D. The third paragraph discusses the contradictions inherent in the changes with the revival of communitarianism.
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It can be inferred that George Orwell would most probably agree with which of the following statements about patriotism?
A. Patriotism is a person’s sense of belonging to a special place and a way of life he thinks best, without imposition upon others.
B. Patriotism is related to a past and a future that transcend the narrow confines of one’s concern in the mortal life.
C. Patriotism is related to social and political conditions that affect the ebb and flow of cultural attachment.
D. It is not necessarily true that patriotism can only be judged from ethics, such as loyalty, the standpoint of belief, etc.
The following statements do not support the argument that love for one’s country is in many cases natural EXCEPT ___________.
A. whereas one’s love of and loyalty to a family member or a friend may coexist with a low estimate of the person’s qualities, patriotism involves endorsement of one’s country.
B. a man had a deep love and loyalty to his nation all his life, even at the time when he was exiled.
C. patriotism embraces no ill thoughts about others or enmity towards them.
D. patriotism codifies all the all the love there is amongst people, and forge out of it a morality and a book of rules for human beings to which all patriots could subscribe.
The author refers to Simon Keller in Para.8 who examined patriotism from his point of view in order to __________.
A. introduce the argument that patriotism involves endorsement of one’s country
B. offer the evidence to undermine the argument that patriotism cannot be judged from the standpoints of ethics of belief
C. illustrate the thoughts of a modern philosopher who believes that patriotism involves both love and a low estimate of one’s country
D. give an explanation that has been frequently debated on in the philosophical community today
Which of the following best describes the function of the last sentence in Para.10?
A. It introduces the evidence that patriotism is partly formed by prejudice against other countries.
B. It suggests that the view described in the previous paragraph is based on faulty argumentation.
C. It indicates the reason why philosophers have overlooked the contradiction described in the previous paragraphs.
D. It supports a claim that regards patriotism as people’s natural emotional attachment.
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