题目内容
While a speech therapist is not trained to help persons with severe emotional disorders, the therapist does receive extensive training in such areas as anatomy(as it relates to speech, concentrating on the diaphragm, tongue, and palate), physics(particularly relating to sound), and language and communications. Some therapists take classes in elementary psychology as well.
The speech therapist must be able to diagnose the type and severity of the speech defect, then prescribe a series of treatments. While some people with severe handicaps receive individual instruction, most patients are comfortable receiving group therapy with others who have the same problem. If a patient is found to have a physical handicap that is impeding his progress, he is sent to a doctor with whom the therapist works closely.
Many therapists have a high success rate with their patients. No scientific studies have yet shown whether the intervention of the therapist was in fact the sole cause of the improvement of the patients, or whether time and maturity helped as well. A recent study has shown that persons who have not received speech therapy have often been "cured' of their problems merely by being around others without the problem. However, that same study showed that those few persons who were not treated by therapists had extremely low self-esteem and considered themselves " different" and "retarded". The therapists often are able to make the patients see that while they are different, the difference is not of their own making, that they have not done something wrong. Therapists try to reach children when they are very young, before they have had an opportunity to be teased by other children or made to feel they are "stupid". Therapists often work with whole families, encouraging the parents and siblings to listen to the patients, taking the time to help them feel they are an important part of the family, not just brushing them off because the effort of interpreting their speech is too great or time-consuming.
Which of the following is not listed as a function of the speech therapist？
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Many women who battle breast cancer will tell you it's a life-changing experience. However, a new study shows that for many【H1】, the changes aren't always positive or permanent.
Beth Snoke has watched her mother and both grandmothers battle and survive breast【H2】So when she was diagnosed, there was no doubt in her mind【H3】she had to do.
"I do exactly what the doctors say as far as the medicine that I'm on, as【H4】as the vitamins, the diet, and the fitness. And I can't stress enough【H5】important that is," says Beth Snoke. But a surprising new study shows that【H6】every woman who beats breast cancer is getting that message. In fact, nearly 40% of them say even【H7】surviving breast cancer, they haven't made significant changes in the【H8】they eat or how much they exercise.
"Not all survivors are taking advantage of this teachable moment and making positive health changes in【H9】life," says Electra Paskett, PhD, at Ohio State University's Comprehensive Cancer Center. Paskett says diet and exercise have been proven to not only help women feel better during and after treatment, they may【H10】play a role in preventing some cancers from coming back【H11】growing evidence, some women just aren't listening.
"Colon cancer survivors【H12】exercise have actually been shown to have improved survival rates. So, yes, it is true that perhaps by making some of these healthy choices we can actually increase their health," says Paskett.
As a breast cancer survivor【H13】, Paskett knows first hand how much difference diet and exercise can【H14】The challenge, she says, is to get more survivors to be more like Beth, during and after treatment.
Experts say exercising more and eating a healthier diet can also cut【H15】on stress and help women overcome depression. There are more than 2 million breast cancer survivors living in the U.S. Of those, nearly a million have yet to change their diet or exercise routines.
【H1】
This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged.The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor' s judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eyes of the hospital it is the physician who is the real "consumer. "As a consequence, the medical staff represents the "power center" in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.
Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants, the physician, the hospital, the patient and the payer(generally an insurance carrier or government), the physician makes the essential decision for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physicians; the payer generally meets most of the bona fide bills generated by the physician/hospital and for the most part, the patient's plays a passive role. In routine or minor illness or just plain worries, the patient's options are of course, much greater with respect to use and price. But in illnesses that are of some significance, such choice tends to evaporate. And it is for these illnesses that the bulk of the health care dollar is spent. We estimate that about 75 N 80 percent of health care expenditures are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, economy measures directed at patients or the general public are relatively ineffective.
The author's primary purpose is______。
A．The career of an air hostess.B．How to go air-traveling.C．The knowledge of an aircraf
Feedback【B1】that a machine can control its own【B2】. Watt's invention was the "governor",【B3】task was to keep the engine speed【B4】, detect an unnecessary or dangerous【B5】of engine power, and reduce it【B6】closing the steam valve.
No one would suggest that a machine with such a【B7】device can "think". Let's look at some modem electronic【B8】which is not as easily understandable【B9】that of Watt's "governor". The British scientist, Dr. Gray Walter, built two【B10】"tortoises" in the 50's. It was really difficult to believe that these animals were【B11】but assemblies of electronic components and batteries. They could "see" an electric light trod approach it; they could negotiate obstacles【B12】their path such as a book by going【B13】it; they were able to【B14】bumping into each other; and they ran back to their【B15】place when they felt "hungry", in other words, when their batteries were getting low.
They would even have "nervous break-down"; two lamps【B16】of one made them uncertain—which they should approach, and one could almost feel their agony of being unable to decide what to do,【B17】the little things move here and there【B18】their batteries needed recharging. The artificial tortoises or any other electronic devices have of course no brain with which to think. All they did is to【B19】the instructions we give them; this, however, they can do very well, under the【B20】of man.
【B1】
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