The founders of a new colony, whatever Utopia of human virtue and happiness they might originally project, have invariably recognized it among their earliest practical necessities to allot a portion of the virgin soil as a cemetery, and another portion as the site of a prison. In accordance with this rule, it may safely be assumed that the forefathers of Boston had built the fast prison-house somewhere in the vicinity of Cornhill, almost as seasonably as they marked out the first burial-ground, on Isaac Johnson's lot, and round about his grave, which subsequently became the nucleus of all the congregated sepulchres in the old churchyard of King's Chapel. Certain it is that, some fifteen or twenty years after the settlement of the town, the wooden jail was already marked with weatherstains and other indications of age, which gave a yet darker aspect to its beetle-browed and gloomy front. The rust on the ponderous iron-work of its oaken door looked more antique than anything else in the New World. Like all that pertains to crime, it seemed, never to have known a youthful era. Before this ugly edifice, and between it and the wheel-track of the street, was a grassplot, much overgrown with burdock, pigweed, apple-peru, and such unsightly vegetation, winch evidently found something congenial in the soil that had so early borne the black flower of civilized society a prison. But on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.
This ruse-bush, by a strange chance, has been kept alive in history; but whether it had merely survived out of the stem old wilderness, so long after the fall of the gigantic pines and oaks that originally overshadowed it, or whether, as there is fair authority for believing, it had sprung up under the footsteps of the sainted Ann Hutchinson as she entered the prison-door, we shall not take upon us to determine. Finding it so directly on the threshold of our narrative, which is now about to issue from that inauspicious portal, we could hardly do otherwise than pluck one of its flowers and present it to the reader. It may serve, let us hope, to symbolize some sweet moral blossom that may be found along the track, or relieve the darkening close of a tale of human frailty and sorrow.
The atmosphere of the story in the very beginning is ______.
A. joyous
B. gloomy
C. light
D. auspicious
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文:Chairperson: Good evening ladles and gentlemen. It's nice to see so many of you here. Well, I'd like to introduce our two guests this evening: Mr. Andrew Frobisher, who has spent many years in Malaysia in the 1950s and 60s and knows the country very well indeed. And, on my right, Mr. Harry Benson who's an agricultural economist.
Benson: Good evening.
Frobisher: Good evening.
Chairperson: Well, erm ... the purpose of this evening is to find out more about that fascinating substance, rubber, and the effects that it has on that fascinating country, Malaysia, Erm erm ... I believe erm ... er Mr. Frohisher, erm ... that Malaysia is at the same time an extremely rich and rather poor country. Erm ... how is this possible?
Frobisher: Yes, well, that's quite true, Monica. Malaysia's population is by now over 13 million, and er per head o... on paper the citizens are richer than those of the UK. But...
Benson: But of course that wealth is not so evenly distributed. In fact in 1981, it was estimated that 37% of the population were below the poverty line...
Frobisher: Yeah, well ... whatever that means ... and anyway shouldn't it be, er, was below the poverty line.
Benson: Yes, of course. Sorry, Andrew.
Frobisher: Yes, well, erm ... as I was saying, much of Malaysia’s wealth is based on rubber. Now I remember my planting days...
Benson: Yes, yes, yes, you’re quite right there Andrew. Rubber represents about 20% of the Gross National Product and 30% of export earnings. This puts Malaysia in a very good position internationally since rubber is an example of what we might call a "post-industrial industry".
Frobisher: Well, what do you mean by that?
Benson: Er ... excuse me ... yes, what does that mean?
Frobisher: What is a pest-industrial erm ... society?
Benson: Manufacturing industries are based on fossil fuels, for example, coal and oil. Now, the problem is that these will not last forever. They are finite. Sooner or later they will run out! Now, rubber is a natural product. The energy source involved in its creation is sunlight. Now sunlight, we hope, will outlast coal and oil, and best of all, sunlight is free. So, it is much cheaper to produce natural rubber which as we all know comes from trees, than to use up all those fossil fuels, both as fuels and as raw materials, in making synthetic rubber in factories. Rubber is one of the world’s strategic products, so you can see what a good position Malaysia is in, and it would help if she could produce more...
Chairperson: Er ... well, what stands in the way then?
Frobisher: Ah, well, well it's the way they go about cultivating it. You see, I remember in my day just after...
Benson: Yes, most people have this image of vast estates, centrally run, but that’s just not the case, even if almost a quarter of the population is involved, one way or another, with the production of rubber ...
Frobisher: Yeah well, that's if you count the families...
Benson: Oh, yes, yes, yes, almost 3 million people are involved, but the picture is a very fragmented one. Do you realize that there are 2 million hectares of land under cultivation for rubber in Malaysia, but that 70% of this area is divided among smallholders-half a million of them-who between them produce 60% of the country' s rubber?
Frobisher: Well, there's nothing wrong with that i ... in terms of quality of life, though I remember, yes, quite right ... just after the war there was...
Benson: Yes, quite right. But being a smallholder does present problems. For example, when it comes to replacing old trees-you'll know about this, Andrew-and the avera
A. the development of the rubber industry in Malaysia
B. the impact of rubber industry on Malaysia
C. the uneven distribution of wealth in Malaysia
D. the current situation in Malaysia