假设某商业银行以市场价值表示的简化资产负债表中,资产A=900亿元,负债1=800亿元,资产久期为DA=6年,负债久期为D1=3年,根据久期分析法,如果年利率从5.5%上升到6%,则利率变化将使商业银行的整体价值()。
A. 增加14.36亿元
B. 减少14.22亿元
C. 减少14.63亿元
D. 增加14.22亿元
Lesting Regional Authority (LRA) is responsible for the provision of a wide range of services in the Lesting region, which is based in the south of the country ‘Alaia’. These services include, amongst other things, responsibility for residents’ welfare, schools, housing, hospitals, roads and waste management.
Over recent months the Lesting region experienced the hottest temperatures on record, resulting in several forest fires, which caused damage to several schools and some local roads. Unfortunately, these hot temperatures were then followed by flooding, which left a number of residents without homes and saw higher than usual numbers of admissions to hospitals due to the outbreak of disease. These hospitals were full and some patients were treated in tents. Residents have been complaining for some years that a new hospital is needed in the area.
Prior to these events, the LRA was proudly leading the way in a new approach to waste management, with the introduction of its new ‘Waste Recycling Scheme.’ Two years ago, it began phase 1 of the scheme and half of its residents were issued with different coloured waste bins for different types of waste. The final phase was due to begin in one month’s time. The cost of providing the new waste bins is significant but LRA’s focus has always been on the long-term savings both to the environment and in terms of reduced waste disposal costs.
The LRA is about to begin preparing its budget for the coming financial year, which starts in one month’s time. Over recent years, zero-based budgeting (ZBB) has been introduced at a number of regional authorities in Alaia and, given the demand on resources which LRA faces this year, it is considering whether now would be a good time to introduce it.
Required:
(a) Describe the main steps involved in preparing a zero-based budget. (3 marks)
(b) Discuss the problems which the Lesting Regional Authority (LRA) may encounter if it decides to introduce and use ZBB to prepare its budget for the coming financial year. (9 marks)
(c) Outline THREE potential benefits of introducing zero-based budgeting at the LRA. (3 marks)
Stine, the owner of an office building, and Mering concluded a three-year leasing agreement in January 2012. Mering would use the first floor to open a restaurant. The annual rental should be paid on the first of each month.
In 2013 Stine and Mering entered into a service agreement, by which Mering would provide meals to the employees of Stine. The service fees would be paid on a quarterly basis.
In June 2014, Mering was declared bankrupt by a court which designated a bankruptcy administrator responsible for the liquidation. The bankruptcy administrator found that Mering had failed to pay the rental for 2014. Stine claimed the rental due for the year of 2014 as his credit and requested to offset the meal service fees for the first and second quarters of 2014. Stine also declared dissolution of the leasing agreement between the two parties.
Required:
In accordance with the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law:
(a) State whether Stine’s request to offset the meal service fees was in conformity with the law. (2 marks)
(b) State how to deal with Stine’s request to dissolve the leasing contract. (2 marks)
(c) State what benefit Stine could have if its request to offset was accepted. (2 marks)