题目内容

In the maintenance of laboratory animals, the standardization and elimination of confounding factors like ____________ are the main principles by which the scientific reliability of experiments is ensured. This means many restrictions on the environment of laboratory animals.

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According to the hedonistic approach, good welfare consists of a life-long presence of pleasant mental states and, just as important, the __________ of unpleasant mental states.

It is worth noting that it is difficult – if not impossible – to discern whether an animal acts the way it does due to certain preferences or because preferences are merely a means to reach a certain _______, namely the preferred mental state.

The theory of Perfectionism states that in order to have a good life one must realize certain genetically-based, species-specific potentials. In other words, the animal must be able to express its ________ in order for the animal to live a good life.

The Three Rs concept originated from the scientific community and is a widely accepted ____________ of policies on animal-based science around the world. Ethical animal use requires consideration of animal welfare needs.