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A．hang toB．hang aboutC．embraceD．kiss
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Thousands of years ago, in the middle of an ocean, miles from the nearest island, an undersea volcano(火山) broke out. The hot liquid rock piled higher and higher and spread wider and wider. In this way, an island rose up in the sea.
As time went on, hot sun and cool rains made the rock split and break to pieces. Sea waves dashed against the rock. In this way, soil and sand came into being.
Nothing lived on the naked soil. And then the wind and birds brought plant seeds, spiders and other little creatures there. Only plants could grow first. Only they, in sunlight, could produce food from the minerals of the soil, water and air. While many animals landed on the island, they could find no food. A spider spun its web in vain, because there were no insects for its web to catch, In sects couldn' t stay until there were plants for them to eat. So plants had to be the pioneer life on this new island.
The passage centers on ______.
The first European stock exchange was established in Antwerp, Belgium(比利时) , in 1531. There were no stock exchanges in England until the 1700' s. A man wishing to buy or sell shares of stock had to find a broker(agents) to transact his business for him. In London, he usually went to a coffee house, because brokers often gathered there. In 1773, the brokers of London formed a stock exchange.
In New York City, brokers met under an old button-wood tree on Wall Street. They organized the New York Stock Exchange in 1792. The American Stock Exchange, second largest in the United States, was formerly called the Curb Exchange because of its origin on the streets of New York City.
A stock exchange is a market place where member brokers buy and sell stocks and bonds (债券) of American and foreign businesses on behalf of the public. A stock exchange provides a market place for stocks and bonds in the same way a board of trade does for commodities. The stockbrokers receive a small commission on each transaction they make.
The stockholder may sell his stock wherever he wants to unless the corporation has some special rule to prevent it. Prices of stock change according to general business conditions and the earnings and future prospects(前景) of the company. If the business is doing well, the stockholder may be able to sell his stock for a profit. If it is not, he may have to take a loss.
In the 1600's, if a man wanted to buy or sell shares of stock, he had to do it through ______.
One evening Mr. Green was driving home along a lonely country road. He had ￡1,000 in his pocket. At the loneliest part of the road, a man asked for a lift(搭车). Mr. Green told him to get into the car and continued his driving. When he talked to the man and learned that the man had been in prison for robbery and had broken out of prison two days before, Mr. Green was very worried.
Suddenly he saw a police-car and had a bright idea. He just reached a small town where the speed limit was 30 miles an hour. But he drove the car as fast as it could go. He looked back and saw that the police-car had begun to chase him. After a mile or so the police-car overtook(赶上)him and ordered him to stop. A policeman got out and came to Mr. Green' s car. Mr. Green hoped that he could tell the policeman about the escaped robber, but he felt the man had put a gun against his back. The policeman took out his notebook and pencil, saying he wanted Mr. Green' s name and ad dress. Mr. Green asked to be taken to the police station, but the policeman said," No, you will have to appear at the police station later." Mr. Green had to do as the policeman told him. The policeman wrote his name and address down, put his notebook and pencil back in his pocket and gave Mr. Green a talk about dangerous driving. Then Mr. Green started up his car again and drove on.
Just as he reached the suburb of London, the passenger said, "I want to get off here. "Mr. Green stopped the car, the man got out and said, "Thanks for the lift. You' ye been good to me. This is the least I can do in return. "And he handed Mr. Green the policeman's notebook, which he stole while the policeman was talking to Mr. Green.
The man asking for a lift was ______.
The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental sys tem. In 1862 congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska west ward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish labourers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honour the great achievement.
The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.
The major problems with America' s railroad system in the mid-19th century lay in ______.
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