题目内容

案例分析题
第二轮土地承包给广大农民吃了一颗“定心丸”,对稳定农民的土地使用权、增加农民长期投入的积极性、保护耕地都有较大的促进作用,但是在一些地方“定心丸”却变成了“闹心丸”。据山东省信访部门统计,在山东因土地纠纷引发的农民上访和冲突,已占到农村越级上访量的40%,并呈上升势头。河南省农调队最近对全省20个县的县、乡主要领导干部的问卷调查表明,土地纠纷与农民负担等成为当前一些农村的热点问题。强征承包地引发了纠纷:1997年,山东省商河县杨庄铺乡政府在没有征得群众同意的情况下,单方将几个村的数千亩土地有偿承包给山东天马置业公司,搞高效农业开发。村民多次上访,问题始终得不到解决。村民林富行不平地说:“俺家的两亩地被乡政府强行包给了天马公司,补偿一直都不给,这是啥道理?”去年,河南省洛阳市所属的洛宁、宜阳、新安等县的一些乡镇,以产业结构调整为名。在不给任何经济补偿的情况下,强行让群众在承包地上种植烟叶,否则就收回群众的承包田。结果引发了群众上访。不少乡村干部对第二轮土地承包存在错误认识,他们认为,“一定30年不变”不过是走走形式。河南、山东两省农业厅的有关负责同志分析说,第一轮土地承包是个“包不包”的问题,而且大多数是口头协议。管理比较松散;而第二轮土地承包十分严格,承包地块、期限是用书面合同的形式确定的,严格纳入法制管理的轨道,如果基层干部再用行政强迫命令的办法随便调地,势必引发大量土地纠纷。中央的土地承包政策在基层得到广泛的拥护,但是在具体操作中会产生矛盾:一家一户承包与土地适度规模经营矛盾。陕西省长安县探索出一种叫做“股份田”的新形式,即农民以承包土地人股且参与劳动经营。收益为土地股金和劳动者报酬;投资者以资金入股且经营管理,收益为经营利润和管理者报酬;科技人员以技术入股且技术服务,收益为技术服务指导费,三方皆大欢喜。河南省许昌市近年兴建了上百家高效农业开发公司。也大都采取土地人股的方式。仍搞“两田制”损害农民利益。在第二轮土地承包之前,许多地方乡村干部将耕地分为经济田和口粮田两块。口粮田分给群众,而经济田则高价发包,变相加重农民负担,引起群众强烈不满。中央在第二轮土地承包中明确规定不能再搞“两田制”,但仍有一些乡村干部对此阳奉阴违,维护一己私利。1999年10月中旬,已是麦播期,可河南省修武县王屯乡1200多亩地却一直荒着,原因是乡党委、政府下通知:“废止和收回1998年8月与农户签订的所有土地承包合同,全面调整土地。”不少村民在自己的承包田地上刚种上小麦,就被干部犁掉了,双方冲突不断,村民多次上访告状。在付屯村,村民拿出1998年8月18日才与村委会签订的承包期为30年的合同书,满腹委屈地说:“这合同刚刚签满一年,说不算就不算了。国家不让搞两田制,乡里这样搞,我们坚决不同意。”对此付屯村支书解释说:“1998年上面要求必须在麦播前把土地承包工作搞完,为应付检查验收,村里与村民们签订了合同。谁知,村民竟把这个合同当真了。乡里已专门下通知。要求废止已签的合同,重新制订承包方案。”在这里,合同竟被视为儿戏。人口变化引发人地矛盾。1998年底,第二轮土地承包进入尾声,河南省商丘市不少群众到省城上访,反映在延包中没有分到土地。原因是商丘市的一些县区自1978年“大包干”以来。直到1998年,没有根据人口增减变化调整过土地。据调查,在这些县区,大包干后才出嫁的妇女和此后才出生的孩子都没有分到土地。在有的乡村,此类人口占人口总数的近30%,导致“一个人种多人地、多个人种一人地”的情况十分普遍。在第二轮土地承包中,这批人十分迫切地希望分到地。但是由于当地政府片面理解“土地顺延”和“大稳定小调整”的政策,加之没有地的村民又不足2/3,不符合“小调整的方案要经村民大会或村民代表大会2/3以上成员同意”的有关规定,所以在第二轮土地承包中,这批人没有分到地。结果引发了大量矛盾。在第二轮土地承包工作中走在前列的河南省濮阳市,解决今后的人地矛盾主要是用以下四种方法:一是使第二轮承包的起点尽量公平,不让以前出现的问题延续下去;二是利用好5%的机动地。解决人口较多、生计较少的农户对土地的需求;三是实行土地流转,如农户间依法进行转包、转让互换;四是实现劳动力向非农业转移,鼓励人地矛盾突出的农户向外转移劳动力。
请回答:
第二轮土地承包政策是要给广大农民吃一颗“定心丸”,但是在一些地方“定心丸”变成了“闹心丸”。其原因是什么?请从案例中找出某些地方干部在政策执行中,违反政策或政策走样的表现。

查看答案
更多问题

Section D
听力原文: In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more (21) productive. Some experts (22) claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is (23) evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not (24) actually make it harder. As far as increasing productivity is (25) concerned, variety is not an important factor.
Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no (26) doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated (27) machinery which must be used in a fixed way.
To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But (28) perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar (29) argument may explain demands for shorter hours. Perhaps if we (30) succeed in making their jobs more interesting, neither more money, nor shorter working hours will be so important to them.
In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more【21】. Some experts【22】the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is【23】to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not【24】make it harder. As far as increasing productivity is【25】, variety is not an important factor.
Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no【26】that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated【27】which must be used in a fixed way.
To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But【28】they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar【29】may explain demands for shorter hours. Perhaps if we【30】in making their jobs more interesting, neither more money, nor shorter working hours will be so important to them.
(21)

In paragraph , the writer advises us to ______.

When you pay any money to a landlord or agent, you should always get a ______.

我很喜欢这个饭馆儿的菜,这儿的服务员也不错。 ()

答案查题题库