Scientists engineered yeast by increasing farnesyl pyrophosphate production and introducing the amorphadiene synthase and cytochrome P450 genes from Artemisia annua to efficiently convert simple sugars to artemisinic acid in ______.
A. 2000
B. 2003
C. 2006
D. 2010
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In ______, a minimal prokaryotic genome, the chromosome of M. genitalium JCVI-1.0, was successfully chemically synthesized and assembled. In the same year, one-step assembly of 25 chemical DNA fragments into an intact M. genitalium genome was achieved in yeast by the same research group.
A. 2000
B. 2004
C. 2008
D. 2012
A pair of synthetic gene circuits that count events — a long-stated goal for circuit engineers — was reported in _______. For one of these counter circuits, recombinase-mediated DNA rearrangement was used to create permanent memory of an event, and a similar strategy was later used to engineer a full set of recombinase-based logic gates.
A. 2004
B. 2006
C. 2009
D. 2012
In ______, the first synthetic yeast genome project (Sc. 2.0 project) was launched to redesign and chemically synthesize the entire S. cerevisiae genome.
A. 2000
B. 2005
C. 2009
D. 2013
In ______, the Royal Academy of Engineering in the United Kingdom released the report "Synthetic Biology: Scope, Applications and Significance." The report summarized the basic technologies and development status of synthetic biology and predicted the application impact on technology, economy, and society for the next 5, 10, and 25 years.
A. 1999
B. 2005
C. 2009
D. 2015