题目内容
听力原文： The expression，“lame duck”，call be heard in almost any American town or city，especially where people discuss politics．Most often，they use it to describe a politician who has come to the end of his power．
There are a number of ideas as to where“lame duck”came from, though the picture of a lame duck is clear enough：a duck that has had its wings cut，or its feet injured，and can no longer walk like a healthy one．
The term seems to have come into the American language after the Civil War of 1861-1865．One explanation is that it came from the language of hunters who felt that it was foolish to waste powder or time on a dead duck．And a lame duck is close to being a dead duck．
Another explanation，however，is that the expression came from England．There it was used to describe a man who lost all his money and could not pay his debts．He could do nothing but walk like a lame duck．And people showed little mercy for the poor fellow．
But in the United States people took the phrase to describe congressman who failed to get re-elected but still had a little time left in office．
Later，the expression was used in a broader sense，generally describing any man whose days of power were coming to an end．It has often been used to describe the position of an American president in the last two years or so of his second term．It is a difficult time for him，when Congress is ready to oppose him at every turn．
Where Can the expression“lame duck”be heard？
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Part A
Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: Salt is bad for you—regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. "There is a direct relationship," US congressman Neal Smith noted, "between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death. "
Frightening,if true ! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. "All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary," Dr. Dustan insists. "For most of us it probably doesn't make much difference how much salt we eat. " Dustan's most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects ,however,half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.
"An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many mote lives than it has cost in the general population," notes Dr. John H.Largh. "So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense."
Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable "moderation" in salt consumption. For an average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table.
Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal "low salt" exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr. admits that "We do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension. " In fact, there is increasing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium;obesity (much more dangerous than sodium) ;genetic predispotition; stress.
"It is not your enemy," says Dr. Laragh, "Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you don't need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up. "
According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed
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