题目内容
Some years ago the captain of a ship was very interested in medicine. He always took medicine books to sea and liked to talk about different diseases.
One day a lazy sailor on his ship pretended to be ill. He lay on his bunk(铺) and groaned as if he were very sick. The captain came to see him and was very pleased to have a patient to look after. He told the man to rest for a few days and made the other sailors do his work. Three days later another sailor pretended that he had something wrong with his chest. Once more the captain looked in his medical books and told the "sick" man to have a rest.
The other sailors were very angry because they had more work to do. The patients had the best food and laughed at their friends when the captain was not looking. At last the mate (船长副手) decided to cure the "sick" men. He mixed up some soap, soot(烟灰) , glue(胶水) and other unpleasant things. Then he obtained permission from the captain to give his medicine to the "sick" men. When they tasted the medicine, they really did feel ill. It was so horrible that one of the patients jumped out of his bunk, ran up on deck and climbed the highest place on the ship. He did not want any more medicine.
The mate told both of the men that they must take the medicine every half an hour, night and day. This soon cured them. They both said they felt better and wanted to start work again. The captain realized that the men tried to deceive him so he made them work very hard for the rest of the voyage.
The first sailor pretended to be ill because he wanted to______.
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Culture shock is an occupational disease (职业病) for people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.
Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs are as following: How to shake hands and what to say when meeting people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These signs, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, or customs, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend on hundreds of these signs for the peace of our mind and day-to-day efficiency, but we do not carry most at the level of conscious awareness.
Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar signs are removed. No matter how broadminded or full of good will you may be, a series of supports have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration. When suffering from culture shock people first reject the environment which causes discomfort. The ways of the host country are bad Because they make us feel bad. When foreigners on a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people, you can be sure that they are suffering from culture shock.
According to the passage, culture shock is______.
Aluminum is lightweight, rustproof and easily shaped into different forms. By mixing it with other metals, scientist have been able to produce a variety of alloys, some of which have the strength of steel but weigh only one third as much.
Today, the uses of aluminum are innumerable. Perhaps its most important use is in transportation. Aluminum is found in the engines of automobiles, in the hulls of boats. It is also used in many parts of airplanes. In fact, the huge "airbus" planes would probably never have been produced if aluminum did not exist. By making vehicles lighter in weight aluminum has greatly reduced the amount of fuel needed to move them. Aluminum is also being used extensively in the building industry in some countries.
Since aluminum is such a versatile(多用的) metal, it is fortunate that bauxite(铝土矿) , which is one of its chief sources, is also one of the earth's most plentiful substances. As the source of aluminum is almost inexhaustible, we can expect that more and more uses will be found for this versatile metal.
The price of aluminum was sharply reduced when people discovered a new refining process with the aid of______.
We can separate the mixture into the pure chemical compounds______it is composed.
The idea of a special day to honor mothers was first put forward in America in 1907. Two years later a woman, Mrs. John Bruce Dodd, in the state of Washington proposed a similar day to honor the head of the family—the father. Her mother died when she was very young, and her father brought her up. She loved her father very much.
In response to Mrs. Dodd's idea that same year—1909, the state governor of Washington proclaimed (宣布) the third Sunday in June is Father's Day. The idea was officially approved by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge recommended national observance of the occasion " to establish more intimate (亲密的) relations between fathers and their children, and to impress upon fathers the full measure of their obligations. " The red or white rose is recognized as the official Father's Day flower.
Father's day took longer to establish on a national scale than Mother's Day, but as the idea gained popularity, tradesmen and manufacturers began to see the commercial possibilities. They encouraged sons and daughters to honor their fathers with small thank-you presents, such as a tie or a pair of socks, as well as by sending greeting cards.
During the Second World War, American servicemen stationed in Britain began to request Father's Day greeting cards to send home. This generated a response with British card publishers. Though at first the British public was slow to accept this rather artificial day, it's now well celebrated in Britain on the third Sunday in June in much the same way as in America.
Father's Day seems to be much less important an occasion than the Mother's Day. Not many of the children offer their fathers some presents. But the American fathers still think they are much better fated than the fathers of many other countries, who have not even a day for their sake in name only.
When did Father's Day officially begin to have national popularity？
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