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47. According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most?

A. Good classroom teachers.
B. Efficient administrators.
C. Talented researchers.
D. Motivated students.

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48. What does the author imply about the classes at present?

A. They facilitate students' independent learning.
B. They help students form closer relationships.
C. They have more older students than before.
D. They are much bigger than is desirable.

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49. What does the author think of teaching ability?

A. It requires talent and practice.
B. It is closely related to research.
C. It is a chief factor affecting students' learning.
D. It can be acquired through persistent practice.

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50. What is the author's suggestion for improving university teaching?

A. Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experiences.
B. Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.
C. Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information.
D. Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms.

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Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The secret to eating less and being happy about it may have been cracked years ago—by McDonald's. According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab, small non-food rewards--like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals--stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people would choose a smaller meal if it was paired with a non-food item.They found that the majority of both kids and adults opted for a haft-sized portion when combined with a prize. Both options were priced the same.Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose the smaller portion. One of the prizes used was a lottery ticket (彩票), with a $10, $ 50 or $100 payout, and this was as effective as a tangible gift in persuading people to eat less."The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting," says Reimann.He theorizes that it is the emotional component of these intangible prizes that make them effective. In fact, vaguely-stated possibilities of winning a prize were more effective than options with hard odds included."One explanation for this finding is that possible awards may be more emotionally provoking than certainty Reimann." The of added attraction and awards," says uncertainty winning provides desirability through emotional 'thrills.' The possibility of receiving an award also produces a state of hope--a state that is in itself psychologically rewarding." In other words, there's a reason why people like to gamble.How might this knowledge be used to help people eat more healthily?One possibility is a healthy option that offers the chance to win a spa (温泉疗养) weekend. Or maybe the reward of a half-sized portion could be a half-sized dessert to be claimed only on a future date. That would get you back in the restaurant--and make you eat a little less.51. What do we learn about McDonald's inclusion of toys in its Happy Meals?

A. It may shed light on people's desire to crack a secret.
B. It has proved to be key to McDonald's business success.
C. It appeals to kid's curiosity to find out what is hidden inside.
D. It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.

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47. According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most?

A. Good classroom teachers. B. Efficient administrators. C. Talented researchers. D. Motivated students.

48. What does the author imply about the classes at present?

49. What does the author think of teaching ability?

50. What is the author's suggestion for improving university teaching?

A. Good classroom teachers.
B. Efficient administrators.
C. Talented researchers.
D. Motivated students.