Describe the two perspectives on how much impact managers have on an organization's success or failure.
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Using Exhibit 2-8, explain how a couture is formed and maintained.
考察图表2-3(略),你会把该公司放在环境不确定性矩阵中的哪个单元?为什么?该公司的管理者如何管理环境的不确定性?
根据本案例,该公司的管理者必须应对哪些外部趋势?除这些趋势之外,还有哪些其他的外部环境构成要素可能对管理者非常重要? (参阅闺表2-2,略)他们如何掌握这些要素发生的变化?
Refer to Exhibit 3-3. How would a first-line manager 3 job differ in these two organizations? How about a top-level manager jobs?