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病历摘要男性，65岁。发作性胸痛3天，加重4小时。患者3天前劳累后出现发作性心前区钝痛，放射至颈部和左上臂，持续5～10分钟，舌下含硝酸甘油片后可自行缓解，未就诊。4小时前上述症状加重，呈压榨样剧痛，伴胸闷、心悸、恶心、无呕吐，含服硝酸甘油片2片后无缓解，遂送来急诊，患病以来无发热及咯血，大小便正常。既往无高血压及糖尿病史，吸烟史40年，约20支/天。查体：T36.7℃，P58次/分，R18次/分，BP120/70mmHg，神志清楚，口唇无发绀，颈静脉无怒张。双肺呼吸音清晰，未闻及干湿性啰音。心界不大，心率58次/分，心律不齐，心音减弱，未闻及杂音，腹平软，肝脾肋下未触及，双下肢无水肿。辅助检查：肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）1.0ng/ml（正常值<0.05ng/ml），hdl-c0.53mol/l，ldl-c1.9mmol/l，心电图：窦性心律，p-r间期固定，部分p波后无qrs波群，ⅱ、ⅲ、avf导联，病理性q波及st段呈弓背向上抬高。

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"The lady lived across the valley there beyond that hill. I was a young man then, for it was many years ago. I used to ride over to see her; it was a long way, but I rode fast, for young men, as no doubt the Signora knows, are impatient. But the lady was not kind, she would keep me waiting, oh, for hours; and one day when I had waited very long I grew very angry, and as I walked up and down in the garden where she had told me she would see me, I broke one of her roses, broke a branch from it ; and when I saw what I had done, I hid it inside my coat so ; and when I came home I planted it, and the Signora sees how it has grown. If the Signora admires it, I must give her a cutting to plant also in her garden; I am told the English have beautiful gardens that are green, and not burnt with the sun like ours."

The next day, when their mended carriage had come up to fetch them, and they were just starting to drive away from the inn, the Conte&39;s old servant appeared with the rose-cutting neatly wrapped up, and the compliments and wishes for a buon viaggio from her master. The town collected to see them depart, and the children ran after their carriage through the gate of the little city. They heard a rush of feet behind them for a few moments, but soon they were far down towards the valley; the little town with all its noise and life was high above them on its mountain peak.
She had planted the rose at home, where it had grown and flourished in a wonderful manner; and every June the great mass of leaves and shoots still broke out into a passionate splendour of scent and crimson colour, as if in its root and fibres there still burnt the anger and thwarted desire of that Italian lover. Of course the old Conte must have died many years ago; she had forgotten his name, and had even forgotten the name of the mountain city that she had stayed in, after first seeing it twinkling at dawn in the sky, like a nest of stars.

女性，66岁，咳嗽、咳痰加重3天，神志不清1天，既往患慢性支气管炎23年。

论古典文学的翻译
可以肯定，对于高贵语言著成的作品来说，直译是不恰当的：但认为粗略的解释可以弥补这一普遍的过失更是大错特错;滥用现代的表达方式，也会使古代作品的精神丧失殆尽。如果说在古典作品中不时有黑暗愚昧之处，其中也常有光明智慧的地方。而这些光明与智慧在近乎直译的译文中能更好地留存。我认为，文字的自由取决于是否是传达原作精神所必需，是否有助于译作诗风的保存。我敢说，过去虽有不少亦步亦趋、机械地追求字面对应的迷途译者，但狂妄地抱有改进原作的不实理想的译者也不在少数。毋庸置疑，诗的火焰是每个翻译者都理应重视的，因为它在翻译过程中更加容易消失：然而，最安全的做法就是满足于从整体篇章上尽力保留这种特质，不要试图在任何细节上超越作者。写作的奥秘在于知道何时平淡，何时绮丽;如果我们肯虚心追随荷马的脚步，一定能从他身上学到这一点。他用词豪放恢宏之处，我们也要努力挥毫泼墨;他用词平淡朴素之处，我们也不能因怕受到几个评论家的责难便不加以模仿。对于荷马来说，其最遭人误解之处莫过适当的风格高度：有些译者一味盲信其无处不崇高，而致使译文浮夸失真;另外的一些译者沉迷于其简朴，因而过于拘谨呆板。我看到荷马的追随着不尽相同：有些人奋步急追，汗流浃背(这是愚勇的表现)，另外一些人缓慢、卑恭地追随其后，而诗人自己却庄严从容地继续前行。然而，在两个极端当中，狂热比冷淡更加容易得到宽容;没有人会嫉妒由冷淡的风格而博得赞赏的作家，其友人一定称之为简朴，而他人则称之为枯燥。优雅庄严的简朴是存在的，同样也有突兀暗淡的简朴;两者的区别犹如朴素人与邋遢者面貌的不同：着装打扮与衣着不整完全是两码事。简朴乃是介于虚饰与粗鄙之间的一种品性。