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Life refers to the property or quality of plants and animals that distinguishes them from inorganic matter or dead organisms; specif., the cellular biochemical activity or processes of an organism, characterized by the ingestion of nutrients, the storage and use of ___________, the excretion of wastes, growth, reproduction, etc.

A. water
B. energy
C. air
D. oxygen

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NASA's working definition for 'life' is: "Life is a self-sustaining system capable of ______________ evolution."

A. rapid
B. Darwinian
C. slow
D. radical

The first identifiable use of the term "synthetic biology" was in Stéphane Leduc's publication of Théorie physico-chimique de la vie et générations spontanées (_______) and his La Biologie Synthétique (1912).

A. 1905
B. 1910
C. 1915
D. 1920

The roots of synthetic biology can be traced to a landmark publication by Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod in _______. Insights from their study of the lac operon in E. coli led them to posit the existence of regulatory circuits that underpin the response of a cell to its environment.

A. 1951
B. 1955
C. 1961
D. 1965

Contemporary understanding of synthetic biology was given by ____________ geneticist Wacław Szybalski in a panel discussion during Eighteenth Annual "OHOLO" Biological Conference on Strategies for the Control of Gene Expression in 1973 Zichron Yaakov, Israel.

A. German
B. Russian
C. English
D. Polish

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