Tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin) diffuses to terminals of inhibitory cells in the spinal cord and brainstem and blocks which of the following?
A. Release of acetylcholine
B. Cleavage of SNARE proteins
C. Release of inhibitory glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid
D. Release of Protective Antigen
E. Activation of acetylcholine esterase
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Which of the following statements about tetanus and tetanus toxoid is correct?
A. Tetanus toxin kills neurons
B. Tetanus toxoid immunization has a 10% failure rate
C. The mortality rate of generalized tetanus is less than 1%
Double vision is commonly the first sign of tetanus
E. Tetanus toxin acts on inhibitor interneuron synapses
Which of the following food items is most frequently associated with infant botulism?
A. Corn syrup
B. Canned infant formula
C. Liquid multivitamins
D. Honey
E. Jarred baby food
All of the following statements regarding Clostridium perfringens are correct EXCEPT:
A. It produces an enterotoxin
B. It produces a double zone of β-hemolysis when grown on blood agar
C. Some strains are aerotolerant
D. It is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea
E. It can cause intravascular hemolysis
Symptoms of C. botulinum food poisoning include double vision, inabilityto speak, and respiratory paralysis. These symptoms are consistentwith
A. Invasion of the gut epithelium by botulinum
B. Secretion of an enterotoxin
C. Endotoxin shock
D. Ingestion of a neurotoxin
E. Activation of cyclic AMP
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