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Taking Naps
American society is not nap (午睡) -friendly. "In fact", says David Dinges, a sleep spe.cialist at the University Of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine, "there&39;s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep." Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb:
"Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven."
Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.
Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an "American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon.
About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a mid-afternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate". Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.
We Superstars of Snooze don&39;t nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift.
Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, ears, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.
It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is 查看材料
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根据《财政部关于印发＜金融企业呆账准备提取管理办法＞的通知》（财经[2005]49号)文件精神，非信贷资产应计提（)及（) 。
Hercules
Once upon a time there was a great Greek hero, Hercules. He was taller and stronger than anyone you have ever seen. On his shoulder he carried a club and in his hand he held a bow (弓).
He was known as the hero of a hundred adventures.
Hercules served a king. The king was afraid of him. So again and again he sent him on difficult tasks. One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch three golden apples for him from the garden of the Singing Maidens (歌女). But no one knew where the garden was.
So Hercules went away. He walked the whole day and the next day and the next. He walked for months before he saw mountains far in the distance one fine morning. One of the mountains was in the shape of a man, with long, long legs and arms and huge shoulders and a huge head. He was holding up the sky. Hercules knew it was Atlas, the Mountain God. So he asked him for help.
Atlas answered, "My head and arms and shoulders all ache. Could you hold up the sky while I fetch the golden apples for you？"
Hercules climbed the mountain and shouldered the sky. Soon the sky grew very heavy. When finally Atlas came back with three golden apples, he said, "Well, you are going to carry the mountain for ever. I&39;m going to see the king with the apples."
Hercules knew that he couldn&39;t fight him because of the sky on his back. So he shouted: "Just one minute&39;s help. My shoulders are hurting. Hold the sky for a minute while I make a cushion (垫子) for my shoulders."
Atlas believed him. He threw down the apples and held up the sky. Hercules picked up the apples and ran back to see the king.
Hercules was the tallest man in the world. 查看材料
College Night Owls Have Lower Grades
College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls (晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.
They had 824 undergraduate (大学本科生的) students complete a health survey that included questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages (GPAs) than those who are night people.
"The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep," study co-author Daniel J. Taylor said in a prepared statement.
"Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (时间疗法) to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types," Taylor said.
The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.
In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia (失眠) and a decline in college students&39; academic performance.
The study included 64 psychology, nursing and medical students, average age 27.4 years, who were divided into two groups--low GPAs and high GPAs.
Among those with low GPAs,69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or twitches (痉挛) at night,65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep, and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.
"In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom," study author Dr. James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. "This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student&39;s academic performance, including GPAs."
In the first study， students who stay up late 查看材料
Father Factor in Workplace
Successes or failures of employees in the workplace can be traced to what kind of father they had,Stephan Poulter argues in a new book, who is a clinical psychologist and also works with adolescents in Los Angeles area schools.
Stephan Poulter lists five styles of fathers: super-achieving, time bomb, passive, absent,compassionate and mentor as well who have powerful influences on the careers of their sons and daughters.
Styles of fathering can affect whether their children get along with others at work, have an entrepreneurial spirit, worry too much about their career, bum out or become the boss, Poulter writes.
Children of the "time-bomb" father, for example, who explodes in anger at his family, learn how to read people and their moods. Those intuitive abilities make them good at such jobs as personnel managers or negotiators, he writes. But those same children may have trouble feeling safe and developing trust, said Poulter.
Even absent fathers affect how their children work, he writes, by instilling feelings of rejection and abandonment. Those children may be overachievers, becoming the person their father never was, or develop such anger toward supervisors or authority figures that they work best when they are self-employed, he writes.
"The father&39;s influence in the workplace is really one of the best-kept secrets," Poulter said.
The Father Factor is set for release next month by Prometheus Books. Looking at the influence of fathers fits with other recent research on workplace behaviour, said William Pollack, a psychology professor and director of the Centres for Men and Young Men at McLean Hospital, part of Harvard Medical School.
It‘s what kind of father that affect the successes or failures of employees in the workplace. 查看材料
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