题目内容
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complicated. Generally speaking, the Account Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.
In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, generally in "points", which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labor supply.
It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any distinctions in the way that job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.
If a company wants its new pay structure to be successful, it is necessary to______.
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听力原文： In order to marry in Britain, both tile man and the woman must be over sixteen. Anyone under eighteen must obtain parental consent. People can get married either in a registry office or in a church. On three Sundays before the wedding a public announcement of the forthcoming marriage has to be made in church, and an announcement has to be put up on a board at the church or the registry office.
In a registry office ceremony there must be two witnesses. On some occasions, especially when people have married secretly, two passers-by in the street have suddenly found themselves asked to witness a marriage! Although the number of registry office marriages is increasing, most people still prefer a church wedding. The bride, in white, is attended by bridesmaids, and led by a proud father up to the church altar, where the bridegroom is waiting, nervously, attended by his best man.
And it seems sensible to wait. One quarter of all marriages between people under twenty-one end in divorce. In Britain in 1972, there were 124, 248 divorces, "Look before you leap" would be good advice to people thinking of getting married.
(36)
听力原文：M: Good morning, can I help you？
W: Yes, good morning, I've just got a few questions. I wonder if you can help me sort them out.
M: I'll see what I can do.
W: Can you tell me when Sndeley Castle is open？ We want to go there this morning.
M: Yes, of course. Sudeley Castle, I think it's open all day; someone asked me this a week or so ago. Here we are, I've got the guide. Yes, it's open from 1 l in the morning until 5 in the afternoon.
W: Eleven to five, OK, that's great. Err can you tell me how much it costs to get in？
M: Yes, it costs ￡ 4.50 for adults and t2 3.00 for children.
W: OK, now another question: what exactly is Snowshill Manor？
M: Oh, it's a museum, an absolutely fascinating collection of all sorts of things, like clocks, all kinds of masks.
W: Masks？ Well, the kids will like them. Do you pay to get into this museum？
M: Yes, you do. I think it's about three pounds fifty.
W: Is it open this time of year？
M: Yes, it's open until the end of September.
W: Right, we'll ti3: it. Thank you very much for the information.
M: Enjoy your visit. Good-bye.
(23)
听力原文：M: How about going to a fashionable party with me tonight, Jane？
W: I'd really love to, but my parents expect me at home before 9:00 and we'll leave to visit my aunt early tomorrow.
Q: Why didn't Jane accept the man's invitation？
(13)
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Ironically, in the United States, a country of immigrants, prejudice and discrimination(歧视) continue to be serious problems. There was often tension between each established group of immigrants and each succeeding group. As each group became more financially successful, and more powerful, they excluded newcomers from full participation in the society. Prejudice and discrimination are part of American history; however, this prejudicial treatment of different groups is nowhere more unfair than with black Americans.
Blacks had distinct disadvantages. For tile most part, they came to the "land of opportunity" as slaves and they were not free to keep their heritage and cultural traditions. Unlike most European immigrants, blacks did not have the protection of a support group; sometimes the slave owners separated members of the same family. They could not mix easily with the established society either because of their skin color. It was much difficult for them to adapt to the American culture. Even after they became free people, they still experienced discrimination in employment, housing and education and even in public facilities.
Until the twentieth century, the majority of the black population lived in the southern part of the United States. Then there was a population shift to the large cities in the North. Prejudice against blacks is usually associated with the South. Slavery was more common there and discrimination was often easier to see.
In the 1950s and 1960s, blacks fought to gain fair treatment, and they now have legal protection in housing, education, and employment. Because their neighborhoods are segregated(隔离), many blacks feel that educational opportunities are not adequate .for their children. Busing children from one neighborhood to another is one solution to inequality in education. Naturally, all parents want the best possible education for their children. The situation of blacks is better today than it was in the 1950s, but racial tension continues. Time will be the genuine solution to the problem of race.
Established and succeeding immigrants ______.
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