题目内容
Text 2
You' re busy filling out the application form. for a position you really need; let' s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree.
Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form. that your diploma represents a Harvard degree？ Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University？ More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well - known university. Registrars at most well - known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.
Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then, if it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them "impostors"; another refers to them as "special cases" one well -known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by "no such people."
To avoid outright lies, some job -seekers claim that they "attended" or "were associated with" a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that "attending" means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century—that' s when they began keeping records, anyhow.
If you don' t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State University." The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue." As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.
26. The main idea of this passage is that ______.
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A) designates B) fluctuates C) calculates D) regulates
Part B
Directions: In the following article, some sentences ]tare been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank, There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. (10 points)
On the ground floor of a five story building in Rome, Italy, a lead aproned man carefully places a 400-year-o. ld painting on a table. Then he steps back and flips the switch of a 50,000-volt X-ray machine. Nearby, another painting is being wheeled into a special oven. Elsewhere the buzz of a power saw is heard from behind a closed door. Two workers are cutting the back off a 500-year-old wood panel painting.
Such things happen every day at Rome' s Institute of Restoration. 41)____________In terms of an treasures, Italy is one of the richest countries in the world. Yet until 1939, when Italy' s government founded the Institute, the country" s museums had to hire private restorers for cleaning and repair jobs. Says Doctor Urbani, "Most of the restorers did not have proper training. They often did more harm than good."
No wonder they did harm. 42)____________.
43)____________. Sometimes they even changed the picture.
Any number of things can damage 'an art work. Smog eats away at stone and metal. Insects chew wood. Moisture causes wood and canvas to swell, shrink and finally rot. For one art show, a painting was flown from England to Rome. During the flight, the canvas shrank so much that the paint lost its grip and began peeling. When the box was opened in Rome, there was a halfbare painting——and a pile of tiny colored flakes.
Doctor Urbani remembers, "The painting was rushed to us. It looked hopeless. But we never give up on a case." After months of slow, careful work, every piece of paint had been puzzled back together and glued on a new canvas. The job was so well done that no damage could be seen.
When a painting arrives at the art hospital, it goes to the laboratory, where scientific work is done. Infrared and ultra- violet photographs are taken. 44)____________.Newer coats of paint stand out as dark spots against older coats of paint, if there seems to be a different picture beneath the one showing on the surface, the painting is finally X-rayed.
Paintings on wood are then carried into a boxcar sized room. 45)____________.For 24 hours, a deadly gas seeps into all the cracks in the wood to kill hidden bugs and their eggs. Paintings on torn canvas go to a room where new cloth hackings are glued and ironed on. Finally the paintings are ready to be given new life by one of the restorers.
[A] Instead of just touching up damaged spots, most early restorers painted over them with a heavy hand.
[B] Using these photographs and an analysis of the paint, it began removing dirt and old, yellowed varnish with cotton dipped in a special liquid.
[C] Headed by Doctor Giovanui Urbani, the men and women here work at keeping works of art in good health.
[D] These photographs make it possible to see through the thin top coats of paint to find out if the painting has been touched up or painted over in the past.
[E] They often cleaned paintings with strong black soap, or scrubbed them with raw onions and green apples.
[F] Tile door is sealed shut.
[G] After cleaning, they began the job of filling in the spots where paint was missing.
41.____________
Evidence from the economists and the building industries shows that ______.
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A ,B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. (40 points )
Text 1
In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of asbestos that related deaths, the National Medical Research Council organized a committee of enquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry.
After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and management, the Council published a report which included advices for dealing with asbestos. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada. Exposure to relatively small quantities of asbestos fibers, they concluded, was directly responsible for the development of cancers, asbestosis and related diseases. Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management, however, the report assumed that despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would continue to play a major role in the British building industry for many years to come because of its availability and low cost.
As a result, the council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments. They recommended that, where possible, asbestos free materials should be employed. In cases where asbestos was employed, it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibres were less likely to enter the air. The report recommended that special care should be taken during work in environments which contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective equipment and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner.
The report identified five factors which determine the level of risk involved. The state and type-of asbestos is critical to determining the risk factors. In addition, dust formation was found to be limited where the asbestos was used when wet rather than dry.
The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greater quantities of dust than hand tools and, where possible, the use of the latter was recommended.
A critical factor takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and it was therefore recommended that natural or machine ventilation should be used. By closely following these advices, it was claimed that exposure can be reduced to a reasonably practical minimum.
21. Exposure to asbestos fibres can cause cancer ______.
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