For the so-called narrow hedonism, it is easy to agree on which feelings are positive and which are negative, and to which extent they count.
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Animals' feelings are very difficult to measure, which make the hedonistic view hard to work with on a practical level.
A. 对
B. 错
Measuring an animal's preferences can be done in a strictly scientific way.
A. 对
B. 错
Rollin (1989) writes: "We would expect its (the animal's) behaviour to be appropriate to its telos – the unique, evolutionary determined, genetically encoded, environmentally shaped set of needs and interests which characterize the animal in question – the 'pigness' of the pig, the 'dogness' of the dog, and so on".
A. 对
B. 错
Critics of perfectionism will say that it is reasonable to assume that an animal under such aversive, or even life threatening, circumstances has reduced welfare or even suffers, and hence performing the full behavioral repertoire does not necessarily increase the welfare of the animal.
A. 对
B. 错