题目内容
A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly serf-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform. a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade and subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures as are social classes.
Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo America is the Amish, a German American fanning sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amish's central religious concept of Demut "humility", clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order.
By contrast a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group often highly individualistic. Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk". The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use or leads more prestige to the owner.
The following statements are true about the folk culture EXCEPT ______.
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Victimization of a Person with a Disability
A primary difference for a person with a disability who becomes a crime victim, however, is that the criminal victimization frequently compounds existing problems caused by a lack of accessibility to basic social services, poverty, institutionalization, and other barriers to equal rights. A crime that would be damaging to an able-bodied person is frequently a devastating blow to a person with a disability. Indeed, for many, it is the criminal assault itself that results in a disability; the ability to move, to communicate, to understand, is disrupted temporarily or permanently.
Many people with disabling conditions are especially vulnerable to victimization because of their real or perceived inability to fight or flee, or to notify others and testify about the victimization. Frequently, because a person with a disability may be more physically frail, the victimization may exacerbate existing health or mental health problems. For those who hope that their disability may "protect" them from criminal victimization, it is shocking to learn that many criminals do not act upon a perceived "desirability" of the intended victim. Indeed, many perpetrators may be unaware that their victims have a disability. Here, the victim is truly random, another one of us in the wrong place at the wrong time.
Another reality is that many offenders are motivated by a desire to obtain control over the victim and measure their potential prey for vulnerabilities. Many people with disabilities, because they are perceived as unable to physically defend themselves, or identify the attacker, or call for help, are perfect targets for such offenders. People with disabilities are also vulnerable to abuse by the very professionals and other caregivers who provide them with services. Just as many pedophiles gravitate to youth-serving occupations, so do many other predators seek work as caregivers to people with disabilities.
People who are victimized are, therefore, vulnerable to exacerbated suffering. Most victims will experience a sense of shock, disbelief, or denial that the crime occurred, often followed by cataclysmic emotions: fear, anger, confusion, guilt, humiliation and grief, among others. But people with disabilities may have intensified reactions because they may already feel stigmatized and often have low self-esteem due to societal attitudes. The sense of self-blame, confusion, vulnerability, and loss of trust may be exaggerated, as may be an ambivalence or negativity related to their perception of their bodies. Denial and avoidance of the need to cope with the aftermath may complicate the identification of crime victims with a disability. Some victims, particularly elderly and those with developmental disabilities, will need services designed to enhance a feeling of safety and security regarding future victimization.
People with disabilities, even before they are victimized, have such problems as______.
We believe diversity can enrich the intellectual and social experiences of students, encourage their personal growth, prepare them to become good citizens in a pluralistic society, and contribute to the nation's economic health. These benefits are essential for a nation that is undergoing massive demographic change.
In keeping with this belief, we support the commitment of colleges and universities to racially and ethnically diverse student populations, and hope they will be given the flexibility they need to meet this goal. After admission officials have identified applicants who can succeed at their institutions, they must be able to consider relevant factors that support diversity. However, they should meet their goal without instituting quotas or lowering academic standards to admit unqualified students. Colleges and universities determine how best to use test scores and other information to meet their goals. Our guidelines on test score use recommend that they consider all relevant factors in the admission process.
Colleges use the scores to predict freshman performance in college. The SAT is a three-hour test that measures two skills related to freshman performance in college—verbal and mathematical reasoning. It does not pretend to measure all factors related to freshman success, but its scores have a statistically significant relationship to that success. SAT scores are also better than the high school record in predicting college grades in science and other math-based courses. Colleges use the scores to make part of their admission decisions, counsel students about courses and majors, place students in appropriate courses, and identify applicants to recruit. Students use SAT scores to select colleges at which they have a reasonable chance for success. The scores also add an element of fairness to the admission process because applicants' classroom grades and courses vary from student to student, teacher to teacher, and school to school. Colleges use SAT scores to predict first-year—not four-year grades because freshmen tend to take similar introductory courses. Grades in the later years of college are more likely to reflect different grading patterns, courses and rigor across majors. At four- year colleges, final grade averages resemble first-year averages, however, becaus most dropouts do not leave for academic reasons.
The Scholastic Aptitude Test is under intense scrutiny today, NOT because of______.
Insiders
"Insiders," rated "R" and with a running time of about two hours and forty minutes is an intelligent
thriller about big business versus the little guy. A1 Pacino stars as Lowell Bergman, producer of the CBS show "60 Minutes" and Russell Crowe plays Jeffrey Wyegand, a recently fired executive with the Brown and Williamson tobacco company.
Bergman knows Wyegand has a major news story to reveal about the corruption in the tobacco business. Wyegand is scared for his safety and the safety of his family, but feels compelled to talk to Bergman and get the whole truth out on 60 minutes. Bergman, a man of high integrity, insures complete confidentiality to Wyegand. Wyegand slowly and very cautiously opens up to Bergman, only to find his anonymity compromised and his life rapidly falling apart.
The movie begins with a heavily guarded truck driving a blindfolded reporter to a secret hideout for an exclusive interview with the leader of a Well-known terrorist group. You'll never figure this scene out unless you get lots of descriptions. I think they began the movie with this scene to show how far the 60 Minutes crew would go to get an important story.
Although there are lots of other characters in this film, the movie focuses around Bergman and Wyegand and their voices are very distinct and easy to pick up. This was good. There was lots of dialogue, which was also good, although lots of the dialogue was rapid fire so you'll need to stay sharply focused. As most thrillers, even though this one is based on true facts, many of the scenes are fast paced. Lots of scenes quickly jump from one thing to another. From the visually impaired point of view, on a couple of occasions my sighted assistant had difficulty understanding what was happening and obviously had a hard time describing those scenes to me. You could feel the tension growing as the story unfolded which was good, but there were numerous scenes with just music that continued to build the tension for those who could see. For me however, those scenes were only an interruption of the tension and took away from my enjoyment of the picture.
There were definitely things I missed in this film but going ont to this movie was still well worth it. I'll advise you to check it out yourself. It's an interesting one.
According to the passage, the film "Insiders" is mainly about all of the following EXCEPT______.
Education, reserved to the states or the people in the U.S., is a ______ of the state, not
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