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Any refinement to animal experiments to improve animal welfare requires scientific validation to ensure the refinements are truly beneficial for the animals and do detract from the scientific integrity of the results. This is to say that in order to get a comprehensive picture, one should use scientific method to prove both efficacy and 'safety' of a refinement.
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A EU report called for a cost-benefit analysis as an integral part of any ethical review. The report states that "Before a license is issued, an ethical and animal-welfare assessment must be carried out setting limits to the level of stress to which the animals may be subjected. Even if it can be shown that certain experiments may be of benefit to animals or humans, they should not be authorized if the stress on the animals used in the experiment exceeds the maximum level."
Reduction alternatives refer to any strategy that will result in more animals being used to obtain sufficient data to answer the research question, or in maximizing the information obtained per animal and thus potentially limiting or avoiding the subsequent use of additional animals, without compromising animal welfare.
Many agents, although clinically silent, were shown to influence physiological or immunological functions. Research complications occurred infrequently and resulted in the need to eliminate also those agents that cause clinically-silent infections, and to monitor colonies for the presence or absence of such microorganisms.
It is sufficient that laboratory animals are free of disease, it is essential that they are free of agents that may have impact on the health of animals (and humans) or on the results of animal experiments.
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