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Reduction alternatives refer to any strategy that will result in more animals being used to obtain sufficient data to answer the research question, or in maximizing the information obtained per animal and thus potentially limiting or avoiding the subsequent use of additional animals, without compromising animal welfare.
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Many agents, although clinically silent, were shown to influence physiological or immunological functions. Research complications occurred infrequently and resulted in the need to eliminate also those agents that cause clinically-silent infections, and to monitor colonies for the presence or absence of such microorganisms.
It is sufficient that laboratory animals are free of disease, it is essential that they are free of agents that may have impact on the health of animals (and humans) or on the results of animal experiments.
There is no doubt that research complications due to overt infectious disease are insignificant and that animals with clinical signs of disease should not be used for scientific experiments.
All infections, apparent or inapparent, are likely to increase biological variability and hence result in a decrease in animal use.
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