题目内容
听力原文： The first English dictionary, called An Alphabetical Table of Hard Words, was published in 1604. The dictionary was actually nothing more than a list of about 3,000 difficult words, each followed by a one-word definition. The author, Robert Cawdrey, made no attempt to include everyday words in his dictionary. No one, he reasoned, would ever have to look up a word in a dictionary if he already knew the meaning of the word. During the 1600's, more dictionaries were published. Each followed Cawdrey' s lead and presented a few thousand hard words. Around 1700 one dictionary maker, John Kersey, did define easy words as well as hard ones. But until the 1750's all dictionaries were rather crude and not very valuable.
A man named Dr. Samuel Johnson charged all this. In 1755 Dr. Johnson produced the first modem dictionary. He included in his dictionary all important words, both easy and hard, and he gave good meanings. He also gave good sentences to show how each word was actually used in speech and in writing. By the end of the 1700' s most dictionary makers had followed Johnson' s lead. Dictionaries were getting better and better.
The 1800's saw the greatest improvement in the quality of dictionaries. In England scholars planned and prepared the Oxford English Dictionary, a twenty-volume work. One of the most interesting features of the Oxford Dictionary is its word histories. It traces the history of each word from its earliest recorded use up to the time of the printing of the dictionary.
The first English dictionary was published ______
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每年发行的债券中，国家债券占()以上。
Millions of Americans run to the bank or visit automated teller machines when they need cash. They use credit cards when they want to buy clothes, VCRs, or television sets.
But there is an underclass--people with low incomes and no credit history--who visit their neighbourhood pawnshops when they need cash or a loan.
An estimated 20 percent of the US population has no bank account, more than half of this group don't have credit cards and cannot get bank loans.
"These people are borrowing an average of $ 50," said John P. Caskey of Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. "If you add up in terms of how much dollar value pawnshops provide they don't look very important. If you add up how much of the population they serve or the number of loans they make, they are important."
Because they make loans, pawnshops are a type of bank, often calling themselves "the bank of the little people".
Caskey and Swarthmore student Brain Zikmund in 1989' looked at the importance of pawnshops in the US economy--the first serious study of the subject since the 1930s.
Their conclusion: pawnshops are the consumer's lender of last resort.
Pawnshop customers typically cannot get credit at mainstream financial institutions. They have poor credit records, excessive debt in relation to their incomes, low and unstable incomes, or cannot maintain positive bank account balances.
Typically, pawnshop customers borrow relatively small amounts that traditional lenders are unwilling or unable to provide on a secured basis.
"If you look at total consumer credit, the amounts provided by pawnshops remain small," Caskey said. "They are lending primarily to low-income people. In terms of the population they serve, they're really important."
In 1988, about 6,900 pawnshops operated in the United States--one for every two banks. Data suggest these pawnshops made about 35 million loans, providing that Caskey and Zimund estimate as 1 percent of the nation's consumer credit.
The best title for the passage would be ______.
There are five basic functions of a newspaper: to inform, to comment, to persuade, to instruct and 【C1】______ . You may well think this list of functions is 【C2】______ . order of importance but, if so, you would not be 【C3】______ agreement with the majority of the reading public. 【C4】______ . the two broad kinds of newspapers, the popular and the quality, the former【C5】______ . a readership of millions, while 【C6】______ , only hundreds of thousands. Yet the popular papers seem largely 【C7】______ . for entertainment. Their news coverage contains【C8】______ comment and persuasive language. The quality news- papers 【C9】______ . a much higher value on information and a much lower one on entertainment.
It is not only in content【C10】______ the two types of paper differ. There is a 【C11】______ in the style. in which the articles 【C12】______ .The popular papers generally use more dramatic 【C13】______ with a lot of word - play. Their reporters tend【C14】______ shorter sentences and 【C15】______ less well-known vocabulary. This 【C16】______ . that poplar newspapers are easier for a native speaker understanding, though probably not for a non-native speaker.
In order to decide【C17】______ a newspaper is a quality or popular one, it is not even necessary to read it, 【C18】______ . you can tell simply by the【C19】______ it looks. Popular papers are generally smaller 【C20】______ . fewer columns per page. They have bigger headlines and more photographs. The articles are shorter and there are fewer per page.
【C1】
对房地产市场调研的理解最正确的是()。
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