听力原文: Being able to swim has always been a valued skill. But competitive swimming is just over one hundred years old. Racing in the water began in Europe only about fifty years before the modern Olympics. England was the leader in this new sport. Pools were built and races were held.
Interest was spurred when a group of Native Americans went to England in 1844 to swim against an English team. To the surprise and dismay of the English, the Americans beat them easily. At that time the English used the breast stroke, which was thought a good. form. The Americans used a kind of free style. that was much faster.
A short time later an English family, who had moved to Australia, developed the crawl, an overhead swimming method. One of that same family also took it to America. Charles Daniels, an early user of the crawl, changed the kicking rhythm to develop the American crawl.
(26)
About fifty years before the first modern Olympics.
B. Fifty years ago.
C. When the crawl was developed.
D. After the breast stroke was developed.
根据利用外资改组国有企业的有关规定,转让公司制企业国有股权,应当()。
A. 经过被改组企业的职工代表大会的同意
B. 经过被改组企业的股东会的同意
C. 经过被改组企业的国有产权持有人的同意
D. 经过被改组企业的国有产权债权人的同意
The cruel dilemmas of Schiavo's case lies in ______.
A. a heart attack in February 1990
B. her brain deprived of oxygen for five minutes
C. an infection she caught 3 years later
D. the disagreement between her parents and her husband on her treatment
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
If the various advocates of the conflicting options are all smart, experienced, and well-informed, why do they disagree so completely? Wouldn't they all have thought the issue through carefully and come to approximately the same "best" conclusion?
The answer to that crucial question lies in the structure of the human brain and the way it processes information.
Most human beings actually decide before they think. When any human being —executive, specialized expert, or person in the street — encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themselves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it.
A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the part of the "losing" faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn't end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings.
There is a better way. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, "It isn't who is right, but what is right, that counts. "
The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology, the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it's possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match.
The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn't possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, it's possible to organize the experts' information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; it's a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions.
From the first 3 paragraphs we can learn that ______.
A. executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the street.
B. very few people decide before they think.
C. those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do so
D. people tend to consider carefully before making decisions