题目内容
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in complete understanding
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Lifesaver Heroine—Florence Nightingale
"The ultimate destination of all nursing is the nursing of the sick in their own homes. I look to the abolition of all hospitals and Workhouse infirmaries. "
—Florence Nightingale
Early Years
Florence Nightingale was born in Italy on 12 May 1820 and was named Florence after the city where she was born. Her parents, William Edward and Frances Nightingale were a wealthy couple, who had toured Europe/or two years on their honeymoon. During their travels their first daughter, Parthenope, was born in Naples (Parthenope being the Greek name for the ancient city), followed one year later by Florence. On returning to England the Nightingales divided their time between two homes.. In the summer months they lived at Lea Hurst in Derbyshire, moving to Embley in Hampshire for the winter. Lea Hurst is now a retirement home and Embley is now a school.
Call from God
Florence and Parthenope were taught at home by their Cambridge University educated father. Florence was an academic child, while her sister excelled at painting and needlework. Florence grew up to be a lively and attractive young woman, admired in the family's social circle and she was expected to make a good marriage, but Florence had other concerns. In 1837, whilst in the gardens at Embley, Florence had what she described as her "calling". Florence heard the voice of God calling her to do his work, but at this time she had no idea what that work would be.
The Years of Struggle and the Visit to Kaiserswerth
Florence developed an interest in the social questions of the day, made visits to the homes of the sick in the local villages and began to investigate hospitals and nursing. Her parents refused to allow her to become a nurse as in the mid-nineteenth century it was not considered a suitable profession for a well educated woman. While the family conflicts over Florence's future remained unresolved, it was decided that Florence would tour Europe with some family friends, Charles and Selina Bracebridge. The three traveled to Italy, Egypt and Greece, returning in July 1850 through Germany where they visited Pastor Theodor Fliedner's hospital and school for deaconesses (女执事，牧师的女助手) at Kaiserswerth, near Dusseldorf. The following year Florence Nightingale returned to Kaiserswerth and undertook three months nursing training, which enabled her to take a vacancy as Superintendent of the Establishment for Gentlewomen during illness at No.1 Harley Street, London in 1853.
The Crimean War
In March 1854 Britain, France and Turkey declared war on Russia. The allies defeated the Russians at the battle of the Alma in September but reports in The Times criticized the British medical facilities for the wounded. In response, Sidney Herbert, the Minister at War, who knew Florence Nightingale socially and through her work at Harley Street, appointed her to oversee the introduction of female nurses into the military hospitals in Turkey. On 4 November 1854, Florence Nightingale arrived at the Barrack Hospital in Scutari, a suburb on the Asian side of Constantinople (君士坦丁堡), with the party of 38 nurses. Initially the doctors did not want the nurses there and did not ask for their help, but within ten days fresh casualties arrived from the battle of Inkerman and the nurses were fully stretched.
The "Lady-in-Chief", as Florence was called, wrote home on behalf of the soldiers. She acted as a banker, sending the men's wages home to their families, and introduced reading rooms to the hospital. In return she gained the undying respect of the British soldiers. The introduction of female nurses to the military hospitals was an outstanding success, and to show the nation's gratitude for Florence Nightin gale's hard work a public subscription (募捐) was organized in November 1855. The money collected was to enab
Technology has come to the marketplace. In many U. S stores the cash【C1】______has been replaced by a computer that quickly and easily calculates the cost of items being bought.
Back in the early 1960s, when the laser【C2】______developed, it was viewed by some as a fascinating research tool; others called it a【C3】______toy. Since that time, the laser has proved to be an【C4】______of many uses. In fact, in many places it's becoming a part of【C5】______life. Take, for example, what's happening at some supermarkets. Food-shopping Americans are coming【C6】______with lasers and computers for the first time. But they're hardly【C7】______it, until they get to the checkout line. With scarcely a glance at the items, the clerk【C8】______them across a hole, where a special marking on each item is scanned by a low-powered laser【C9】______inside the machine, connected to a remote computer. It started a few years ago, when food processors【C10】______the time had come to put code markings on every one of their thousands of food products. This would make them【C11】______identifiable to a computer. The scanning laser beam was an【C12】______device for reading these markings, and so the Universal Product Code was born.
【C13】______every package today, every can and bottle, has these unique symbols.【C14】______is the time-consuming stamping of prices on each item. Prices are shown【C15】______the shelf.
This mew technology promises to【C16】______food products moving smoothly on and off supermarket shelves, which will help keep overhead down and prices【C17】______At the end of each business day, the remotely-located computer gives the store manager a total picture of the day's【C18】______--what the needs to restock,【C19】______, and what he can mark down and put on sale.
As for the customer, the most dramatic change is【C20】______checkout lines keep moving.
【C1】
A．More than 43,000.B．12,000.C．103,000.D．143,000.
A．At Monticello.B．In France.C．In Louisiana.D．In Washington.
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