As a matter of fact, when all a language
takes from another one is mere words, it
is usually because only a small number of
speakers of the first language are
bilingual in the second -- usually the ruling
classes and the educator. In such cases, most 【M1】 _______.
speakers are not using the second language
alongside the first one at a daily 【M2】 _______.
basis -- instead, the influence on the 【M3】 _______.
second language "trickles down" from the
elite class to the masses. In cases like
this, which trickles down most easily 【M4】 _______.
are isolated words, rather than the things
that are harder to pick up from a foreign
language, such as word order and endings,
which require the actual use of the second
language to get the hang of. This was the
situation, for example, in England when it
was occupied by the Norman French: The Normans
were the rulers when the masses continued 【M5】 _______.
happily using English. It is this reason 【M6】 _______.
that so many of the words we inherited
from French have to do with conception of 【M7】 _______.
government [reign], fashion [attire], art
[pen], cuisine [poultry], and, actually,
the very words government drashion ,art
and cuisine. Just like often, 【M8】 _______.
moreover, geography and history have it that 【M9】 _______.
many, most, or all of a language’s speakers
speak another one together alongside, and the 【M10】 _______.
result is the likes of Is it out of your mind
you are? In fact, most languages have had some
iafiuence on their structure from other languages
at some point in their history.
【M1】
?Write 40-50 words on your separate sheet.
?Mike Hunnicutt, Managing Director of Cyber International, New York City, is going to visit your company. The aim of the visit is to discuss an agency agreement.
?You made some telephone calls to check the arrangements, and you made some hand-written notes on Mr. Hunnicutt' schedule.
?Use the program and the hand-written notes to write a letter (about 120-140 words) to Mr. Hunnicutt telling him about the changes to his program.
?You are advised to lay out your letter properly. Do not include the address in your letter.
Mr. Hunnicutt, Cyber International
Programme of Your Visit
Monday 18:00 Arrive at International Airport. Our driver will take you to the Peace Hotel--fully
booked. Wonder Hotel instead.
09:00 Driver collects you from hotel- needs to collect 30 minutes earlier as far away
Tuesday Tour of factory with Factory Manager.
Return to hotel at 16:00 -- Dinner with president 7:30
08:00--Driver collects you from your hotel.
Tour of warehouse
Wednesday Lunch with company President -- cancelled
14:00 -- Meeting with Managing Director at Head Office
21:00 Depart from International Airport -- now 19:30