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根据下面材料请回答 51～65 题
Less Is More
It sounds all wrong--drilling holes in a piece of wood to make it more resistant to knocks.But it works because the energy from the blow gets distributed throughout the wood rather than focusing on one weak spot.The discovery should lead to more effective and lighter packaging materials.
Carpenters have known________ (1)centuries that some woods are tougher than others.Hickory(山核桃木),for example,was turned into axe handles and cartwheel spokes(轮辐)because it can absorb shocks without breakin9.White oak,for example,is much more easily damaged,________ (2)it is almost as dense.Julian Vincent at Bathe University and his team were convinced the wood'S internal structure could explain the differences.
Many trees have tubular(管的)vessels that run________ (3)the trunk and carry water to the leaves.In oak they are large,and arranged in narrow bands,but.Il hickory they are smaller, and more evenly distributed.The researchers________ (4)this layout might distribute a blow's energy throughout the wood,soaking up a bigger hit.To test time idea,they drilled holes 0.65 millimeters across into a block of spruce(云杉),a wood with________ (5)vessels,and found that________ (6)withstood a harder knock.________ (7) when there were more than about 30 holes per square centimeter did the wood。S performance drop off.
A uniform. substance doesn‘t cope well with knocks because only a small proportion of the material is actually________ (8).All the energy from the blow goes towards breaking the material in one or two places,but often the pieces left________ (9)are pristine(未经破坏的).
But instead of the energy being concentrated in one place,the holes provide many weak spots that all absorb energy as they break,says Vincent."You are controlling the places________ (10)the wood breaks,and it can then absorb more________ (11),more safely."
The researchers believe the principle could be applied to any material________ (12)example,to manufacture lighter and more protective packaging.It could ________ (13)be used in car bumpers,crash barriers and armour for military vehicles,
says Ulrike Wegst________ (14) the Max Plank Institute for Mental Research in Stuttgart.But she emphasizes that you________ (15)to design the substance with the direction of force in mind."The direction of loading is crucial,"she says.
第 51 题
51～65 Cost as a Factor in Supply
In a purely competitive market,the supplier of goods and services has no control over.the market price,because he produces too little to influence market conditions.With no difference between his products and the products________ (1)his competitors,he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or________ (2)the market price.However, in considering the price,he must take the________ (3)of production into consideration.There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost.This might happen when prices tumble for________ (4)he believes will be a short time.However, no business person can________ (5)to lose money for a prolonged period.He must be constantly________ (6)of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.
Many people have the impression that as production increases。costs per unit decrease.________ (7)mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production,________ (8)logic and practical experiences have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production.Some economists________(9)to this principle as the law of increasing costs.
The reason costs rise as production goes up is________ (10).However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up.the need for additional factors of production will also grow,________ (1 1)competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of production.If a producer needs________ (12)skilled labor to produce more,and none of this labor is unemployed,the producer will have to get________ (1 3)from other sources.This can be done by________ (14)higher wages.Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production.We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive,________ (15)not all land is equally fertile and not all ore(矿石)is equally rich in the mineral wanted.
第 51 题 请选择（1）处的最佳答案
The manager gave US the identical cottage each summer.（）
请选择（5）处的最佳答案
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