题目内容
What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe？
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on Earth？ Where was this low temperature recorded？ The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -90℃, which __________ (51) in Antarctica (南极洲 ) in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in __________ (52).
Temperatures in Earth orbit (轨道) actually range from about + 120℃ to -120℃. The temperature depends upon __________ (53) you are in direct sunlight or in shade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can __________ (54) endure.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar __________ (55).Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel __________ (56) from the Sun.
Scientists estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe？ Again, it depends upon your __________ (57). We are taught it is supposedly __________ (58) to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, Cornell and Wieman, have successfully __________ (59)down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work--not a discovery, in this case.
Why is the two scientists&39; work so important to science？
In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting __________ (60) about special light particles (微粒) we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble __________ (61) other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein&39;s calculations helped him theorize that atoms __________ (62) behave as Bose thought--but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold (超冷) atoms can help them make the world&39;s atomic clocks even __________ (63) accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second __________ (64) six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity (速度) times time (d=υt). With the long distances involved in space__________ (65), we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.$amp;_________ 查看材料;$br＞
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Arthritis c关节炎) is an illness thatcan cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads (蟾蜍),a big problem inthe north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs andbackbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are morelikely to be larger and to have longer legs. (46)
The large yellow toads,native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-easternAustralian state of Queenslandin 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from de-stroyingsugarcane crops. Now up t0 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in thecountry, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up t0 60 kma year. The toads can now be found across more than one million squarekilometers. (47) A Venezuelanpoison virus was tried tin the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was foundto also kill native frog species.
The toads have severelyaffected ecosystems inAustralia.Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from theirpoison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth._ (48)
A co-author of the newstudy, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney,says that lit-tle attention has been given to the problems that toads face.Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queenslandand the Northern Territoryand found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active,sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.
According to the results ofthe study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometer a night. (49) But speed and strength come at aprice-arthritis of the legs and backbone due to con-stant pressure placed onthem.
Inlaboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping,arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃). _ (50) These toads are so programmedto move~ apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and asfar as the healthy ones, continuing their constant march across the landscape.
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For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form. a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
【A】 The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.
【B】 Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.
【C】 Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market？ Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy. At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.
【D】 All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.
【E】 Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined —France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don' t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.
【F】 For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasibl
据《关于修改＜就业服务与就业管理规定＞的决定》规定，国家鼓励劳动者在就业前接受必要的职业教育或职业培训，鼓励城镇初高中毕业生在就业前参加劳动预备制培训。
a corporation has a professional outlook 【C5】______ a sole proprietor
separate clearly 【C6】______ private and business
protect different business activities individually
reduce your personal liability 【C7】______ case of bankruptcy
achieve tax benefits
avoid heritage claims
gain investors by selling company shares
build up new credit
expand globally and attract international customers
【C8】______ you choose Whitherspoon, Seymour ＆ Robinson Corp. you will additionally have low incorporation and maintenenace fees, absoluetely no hidden charges, a reliable partner and at all time free consultation and advice. Also, we will handle everything for you. You won't even have to leave your office 【C9】______ any time for the incorporation. You can ask all your questions 【C10】______ email, fax or phone, place the order online and get the company kit delivered right to your door.
【C1】______
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