题目内容
American surgeon Thomas Earl Starzl (1926-2017), the first to perform liver transplantations in 1963 at the Denver Veterans Administration Hospital, reported that the initial patients receiving liver transplants survived for a maximum of ____ days.
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In ______, two intestinal transplants were attempted in infants by Ralph A. Deterling (1917–1992), a distinguished vascular surgeon at the Boston Floating Hospital, a long-established innovative pediatric unit associated with Tufts–New England Medical Center.
The first time a patient received a skin graft it would be rejected in 7 days. When a second graft was performed on the same person, it would be rejected in 3 days. The body had developed a specific response to the foreign tissue. This is now recognized as rejection, a _______________event.
Early attempts at immunosuppression to enhance survival of organ transplants began in 1959 with total body irradiation designed to cripple the immune system. The side effects from radiation included susceptibility to overwhelming infections and death. That same year, chemical immunosuppression with the anticancer drug _________________ was introduced to more selectively modify the immune response.
In ______, azathioprine (the imidazole derivative of 6-mercaptopurine) was used with prednisone for immunosuppression. A combination of immunosuppressants, including prednisone, appeared to be more successful than the use of one drug alone.
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