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SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points)<br>Campaigning for votes in the western province of Maharashtra this month, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India vowed to give such a remarkable facelift to Mumbai, the state capital, that people "should forget talking about Shanghai."<br>Now that the election results are in, and a coalition led by Singh's Congress Party has retained power in the province, the prime minister must make good his promise, which will take more than a paint job.<br>The consulting firm McKinsey says it would cost $ 44 billion to make Mumbai a world-class city that can rank alongside Shanghai.<br>A revival of Mumbai, the country's trade and entertainment hub, is more than a matter of image. It's an economic necessity.<br>The city of 12 million fills two-fifths of the nation's corporate-tax kitty, yet a third of its people live in slums.<br>Mumbai's economy has lagged the national average growth rate of about 7 percent since 1998 — a level of underperformance that is impossible to reverse without mending the city's creaky infrastructure.<br>A choked, potholed Mumbai is symptomatic of a wider urban malaise. It isn't that a fast-growing economy like India can't find the resources to invest in its cities, where much of its economic growth is being produced.<br>By 2025, one of (the) two Indians would be living in an urban center, up from one in three now.<br>Morgan Stanley's chief economist, Stephen Roach, recently undertook a 115-mile, or 184-kilometer, car journey from Mumbai to the industrial city of Pune on a new expressway, which he says "is a huge cut above any of the other motor routes that I had been on in India."<br>Yet, by Chinese standards, the new road merits a "B minus, at best," he says. "If this is progress in closing India's infrastructure gap, the problem is even worse than I had imagined."
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SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points)<br>For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. In the less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. They have been recovered from most of the major river systems and even from streams of groundwater flowing unseen through the earth. Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. They have been found in fish in remote mountain lakes, in earthworms burrowing in soil, in the eggs of birds — and in man himself. For these chemicals arc now stored in the bodies of the vast majority of human beings, regardless of age. They occur in the mother's milk, and probably in the tissues of the unborn child.<br>All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. This industry is a child of the Second World War. In the course of developing agents of chemical warfare, some of the chemicals created in the laboratory were found to be lethal to insects. The discovery did not come by chance: insects were widely used to test chemicals as agents of death for man.<br>The result has been a seemingly endless stream of synthetic insecticides.<br>What sets the new synthetic insecticides apart is their enormous biological potency. They have immense power not merely to poison but to enter into the most vital processes of the body and change them in sinister and often deadly ways. Thus, as we shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect the body from harm, they block the oxidation processes from which the body receives its energy, they prevent the normal functioning of various organs, and they may initiate in certain ceils the slow and irreversible change that leads to malignancy.
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SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points)<br>Over the past 50 years, technology has changed the fishing industry dramatically. Today, the romantic, rugged individual fisherman is as threatened a species as the cod and tuna that once swarmed into his nets. This is the cumulative result of more sophisticated fishing gear, more powerful boat engines and a lack of regard for local fishing environments by the multinational enterprises that have come to dominate this business.<br>There are about 30 million professional fishermen worldwide, but 50 percent of the fish caught at sea are captured by only 1 percent of the boats, notes Xavier Pastor, European vice-president for Oceans, a non-profit international advocacy group for the world's oceans. "Industrialized fishing is leading to the disappearance of the small fisherman," he observes, with concomitant damage to both fish stock and to local economies and social structures.<br>"Some fleets are just too big," Pastor says. "They are very efficient at taking the last fish in an area, then they move on to something else."<br>This transformation has led to a global fishing crisis that is endangering most of the planet's commercial stocks. Oceans reports that industrial fishing worldwide yields between 80 million and 100 million tons of fish, but it also generates 27 million tons of discards (marine organisms thrown back into the water after they have been caught), causing negative effects on the ecosystem that will last for decades.<br>According to the Fond and Agricultural Organization, the commercial productivity of the oceans is at an all-time low, with 75 percent to 80 percent of the world's major fisheries overexploited, fully exploited or recovering from depletion.<br>"We are not anti-fishing," emphasizes Pastor. "Fishing is important. We Want to make sure that future generations can do the same."
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Ladies and Gentlemen,<br>What values should we pursue for the prosperity of Asia in the new century？ I believe that the three values of freedom, diversity and openness are the driving forces behind peace and development in Asia.<br>First, it goes without saying that freedom refers to democracy and human rights politically. Economically, it means the development of a market economy.<br>Political freedom and economic freedom are reinforcing each other in the process of their development. With some twists and turns, Asia as a whole has been taking significant steps towards freedom over the last half century.<br>Transition to a democratic political system has been inevitable, as economic development has created the conditions for the emergence of a middle class and civil society. I believe that the historic trends that are apparent in Asia should be a source of pride for us all.<br>Second, development in Asia has occurred against a background of tremendous diversity, where each country has its own distinctive history and social and cultural values. Naturally, we thus see differences in the processes and speed of development.<br>While respecting diversity, however, it is important for us to promote our common interests and our shared goals, recognizing positive influences of each other despite differences among countries.<br>In other words, we must leave behind parochial nationalism and dogmatism, promote mutually beneficial cooperation based on equality in order to enjoy common prosperity. This should be our guiding principle.<br>Third, our cooperation must not be of an inward-looking, closed nature, but one characterized by openness to the world outside Asia.<br>In a world economy where globalization is advancing and economic integration, such as in Europe and Americas, is proceeding, cooperation both within Asia and between Asia and other regions must be pursued. This cooperation must be based on the principles of openness and transparency.<br>I believe Asia should set an example for the world by seeking regional cooperation that surpasses national and ethnic distinction.<br>So, as we pursue prosperity in a free, diverse and open Asia, what are the specific challenges that we face？ I'd like to discuss three challenges. They are reform, cooperation and conveying Asia's voice to the world.
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